예비 과학 교사의 과학, 과학 학습, 과학 교수에 대한 인식론적 신념: 인식론적 신념의 맥락 의존성
Pre-service Science Teachers' Epistemological Beliefs about Scientific Knowledge, Science Learning, and Science Teaching: Context Dependency of Epistemological Beliefs
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교사의 인식론적 신념을 바라보는 이론적 입장은 크게 영역과 무관하게 발달된다는 입장과 상황이나 맥락에 따라 차별적으로 활성화된다고 바라보는 입장으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 교사의인식론적 신념을 보다 복합적인 구인으로 이해하기 위해 과학 교사의인식론적 신념이 서로 다른 과학 내용 지식의 영역(용불용설, 임페투스론)에서 그리고 ‘과학 지식’, ‘과학 학습’, ‘과학 교수’라는 세 가지상황에서 어느 정도의 일관성이 있는지, 인식론적 신념의 맥락의존성을 고찰하였다. 연구 결과 예비교사들의 인식론적 신념이 ‘과학 지식’, ‘과학 학습’,‘과학 교수’ 세 가지 상황에서 일관적인 경우는 극히 적었다. 두 가지상황에서만 일치하는 연관적 신념이 대부분이었고 세 가지 상황에서모두 서로 다른 유형의 인식론적 신념을 가진 비일관적 신념을 가진비율이 일관적인 인식론적 신념을 가진 비율보다 높았다. 또 용불용설과 임페투스론 두 주제 영역을 가로질러 예비교사들의 인식론적 신념이 일관적인지 알아본 결과 ‘과학 지식’과 ‘과학 교수’ 상황에서는 주제 영역과 관계없이 일관적 신념을 보인 비율이 높았으나 ‘과학 학습’상황에서는 주제 영역에 따라 인식론적 신념이 달라지는 경우가 일관적인 경우보다 더 많았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 예비교사들이보다 일관된 인식론적 신념을 통합적으로 구성할 수 있도록 도와주기위한 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examined pre-service secondary physics teachers’ epistemological beliefs about scientificknowledge, science learning, and science teaching in two different science content topics, Lamarckismand the impetus theory. Two sets of open-ended questionnaires, for each of the topics respectively, weredeveloped in the same format. The pre-service teachers completed the questionnaires at one monthintervals. The beliefs were analyzed in two dimensions, knowledge justification and knowledge changefor each belief area. The findings show that the majority of pre-service teachers held sophisticatedepistemological beliefs about scientific knowledge regardless of content topics. On the other hand, morepre-service teachers exhibited sophisticated beliefs about science learning in the context impetus theorythan Lamarckism. In the area of science teaching, the majority of pre-service teachers demonstrated asophisticated view in knowledge justification but a naive view in knowledge change. When consistencyacross science topics and belief areas were examined, few pre-service teachers held consistentepistemological beliefs across all topics and areas. The difference in the levels of sophistication in beliefareas showed that the pre-service teachers did not connect their epistemological beliefs about scienceknowledge to their ideas about science teaching and learning. This disconnection seems to make theconsistency across topics and areas complicated. The difference in epistemological beliefs about sciencelearning and teaching between two science topics need further inquiry. Implications for teacher educationare offered.
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