생물학적 경쟁과 적응에 대한 예비 생물 교사의 인식
Pre-service Biology Teachers’ Perspectives about Biological Competition and Adaptation
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초록
본 연구는 예비 생물 교사들이 경쟁과 적응의 생물학적 의미를 일상생활에서 쓰이는 의미와 동일하게 이해함으로써 자연선택과 진화를 인식하는데 어려움이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 예비 생물 교사 53명을 대상으로 지필검사를 하였고, 13명을 면담하였 다. 지필 검사지는 세 종류로 경쟁과 적응의 일반적 의미를 묻는 검사 지와 생물학적 의미를 묻는 검사지, 자연선택개념 검사지였다. 면담은 반구조화 면담으로 진행하였다. 자료 분석은 4단계로 진행하였다. 먼저, 예비 생물 교사가 생각하는 경쟁과 적응의 일반적 의미를 국어 사전에 제시된 정의와 비교하였다. 두 번째로, 예비 생물 교사가 생각 하는 경쟁과 적응의 생물학적 의미를 생물학적 정의와 비교하였다. 세 번째로, 예비 생물 교사가 생각하는 경쟁과 적응의 일반적 의미와 생물학적 의미를 비교하였다. 이를 바탕으로 생물학적 경쟁과 적응에 대한 예비 생물 교사의 대안개념 유형을 제시하였다. 마지막으로, 이대안개념 유형이 자연선택과 진화를 설명할 때도 나타나는지 확인하 였다. 연구 결과 예비 생물 교사들은 경쟁의 생물학적 의미를 일반적 의미와 혼용하여, 경쟁은 의도 또는 목적을 위해 싸우거나 다투는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 적응은 개체 수준에서 생물이 살아남기 위해 환경에 맞춘다는 목적론적으로 인식하고 있었다. 즉 적응을 일반적 의미와 혼동하였고, 적응을 진화와 연결지어 설명할 때도 적응을 일반적 의미로 이해하여 적응이 계속되면 진화가 이루어진다고 생각 하고 있었다. 이 연구는 그동안 국내 연구자들의 관심을 받지 못했던 경쟁과 적응 개념에 대한 중요성을 부각시키고, 효율적인 진화 교수 ⋅학습의 밑바탕이 되는 경쟁과 적응의 선개념 유형을 분석하여 제시 했다는 데 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out whether pre-service biology teachers’ biological meanings of competition and adaptation is the same as everyday meanings to understand natural selection and evolution. Fifty three pre-service biology teachers answered written tests and thirteen of them were interviewed. The tests on general meanings on competition and adaptation, tests on biological meanings on competition and adaptation and tests on natural selection were administered. Questions on semi-structured interviews were composed of only biological meanings about competition and adaptation. Analyzing data through four steps, pre-service biological teachers’ general meanings on competition and adaptation were compared with the definitions of Korean dictionary and compared with biological definitions. Pre-service teachers’ alternative conceptions about biological competition and adaptation were classified and the alternative conceptual types were checked when explaining natural selection and evolution. They realized competition is battle for intention or purpose like everyday meaning of competition. However, they didn’t realize adaptation happen in the population level. They thought that adaptation, like in everyday life meaning, is getting suitable to environment for survival on an individual level. By relating adaptation to evolution, they thought that long-lasting adaptation become evolution. This study has significance with respect to suggesting the alternative concepts of competition and adaptation based on effective evolution teaching from constructivism viewpoint and highlighting the importance of the concepts of biological competition and adaptation, which have been concerned rarely for a long time.
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