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과학 긍정경험 구성 변인 간의 구조방정식 모형에 관한 연구

A Study on the Structural Equation Model Among Components of Positive Experiences about Science

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참고문헌

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주제분류교육학

초록

이 연구의 목적은 과학 학습 관련 정의적 특성 간의 상호작용을 종합적으로 이해하기 위하여 ‘과학 긍정경험’ 구성 변인들 간의 유의 미한 경로모형을 규명하는 것이다. 여기서 과학 긍정경험이란 과학 학습에 관련된 학생들의 정의적 성취에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 경험의 총체를 의미하며, 과학 긍정경험에 따른 학생들의 정의적 성취를 구성하는 5개 하위 변인은 ‘과학 학습 정서’, ‘과학관련 자아개념’, ‘과학 학습 동기’, ‘과학관련 태도’, 및 ‘과학관련 진로 포부’이다. 전국 17개 시도에서 4학년, 6학년, 8학년, 10학년에서 각각 1개 학급 학생 들을 임의로 표집하여, 총 1841명을 대상으로 ‘과학 긍정경험 지표 검사(TIPES)’를 사용하여 온라인 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 주요 변인들 간의 구조적 관계를 파악하기 위하여 구조방정식 모형을 선정하고, 최종 구조방정식 모형의 경로계수가 집단 간 차이가 있는지 확인하기 위한 다집단 분석을 실시하였다. 구조방정식 모형 분석 결과, 과학 학습 긍정 정서와 부정 정서는 모두 과학관련 자아개념을 경유하여 과학 학습 동기, 과학관련 태도, 과학관련 진로 포부에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 배경 변인에 따른 집단 간 과학 긍정경험의 5개 하위 영역의 평균 차이를 t-test 검증을 통해 비교한 결과에 따르면, 과학 긍정경험의 5개 하위 영역은 성별, 학교급, 지역규모, 과학관련 활동 참여 여부에 따라 평균값이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났 다. 학생의 배경 변인에 따라 구조방정식 경로모형에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 실시한 다집단 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 성별과 학교급 별에 따라서는 집단 간에 경로계수의 차이가 유의미하게 나타난 반면, 지역규모와 과학관련 활동 참여 여부에 따라서는 집단 간 경로계수 차이가 유의미하지 않았다. 결론에서는 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 학습자의 정의적 성취를 돕기 위한 과학교육에의 시사점을 논하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate a meaningful path model among the components of students’ positive experiences about science and science learning to understand the interactive relationships among different variables of affective domains. Positive Experiences about Science (PES) means whole experiences that have positive effects on students’ affectional achievement related with science learning, which consists of science academic emotion, science-related self-concept, science learning motivation, science-related attitude, and science-related career aspiration. We conducted an online survey with 1,841 students consisting of 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th graders from 17 provinces and cities using Test for Indicators of Positive Experiences about Science (TIPES). To explore the structural relationships among variables, we selected and analyzed an optimal structural equation model and then conducted multigroup analyses among groups. According to the analysis of the structural equation model, ‘positive as well as negative science academic emotion’ has effects on science learning motivation, science-related attitude, and science-related career aspiration via science-related self-concept. According to the independent t-test results for TIPES scores by participants’ characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in the average scores of five sub-components of PES depending on gender, school-level, school location, and participation in science-related activities. According to the multi-group analysis results, the difference of path coefficients by gender and school-level were statistically significant, whereas the difference of path coefficients by school location and participation were not significant. Discussed in the conclusion are the implications of this research for science education research and ways to help students’ affectional achievement related with science learning.

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