증강현실을 활용한 소집단 학습에서 도구 사용 환경에 따른 담화 비교
Comparison of Discourse by Environments for Using Tools in Small Group Learning with Augmented Reality
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초록
이 연구에서는 증강현실을 활용한 소집단 학습에서 도구 사용 환경에 따른 담화를 참여 유형, 담화의 유형, 지식 형성 과정 측면에서비교하였다. 고등학교 1학년 학생 24명을 6개 모둠으로 나눈 후, 마커1개와 스마트 기기 1개를 공동으로 사용하는 도구 공유 환경과 마커와 스마트 기기를 개별로 사용하는 개별 도구 환경에 각각 배치하였다. 학생들은 모둠별로 물질의 규칙성과 결합 단원에서 다루는 개념을 주제로 증강현실 애플리케이션을 활용한 소집단 학습에 참여하였다. 모든 수업 과정은 모둠별로 녹음 및 녹화하였으며, 자발적으로동의한 학생 6명을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 도구 공유 환경은 일인 주도형의 비율이 높았으나, 개별 도구환경은 부분 참여형 및 다수 참여형의 비율이 높았다. 개별 도구 환경은 도구 공유 환경보다 지식 공유와 지식 구성 담화의 비율이 유사하였고, 세부 담화 유형도 다양하였다. 도구 공유 환경에서는 일부 학생에 대해서만 의미 있는 지식 형성 과정이 나타났다. 반면 개별 도구환경에서는 모둠원 대부분이 목표 개념에 대해 올바른 지식을 구성하며 의미 있는 지식 형성 과정이 이루어졌으며, 일부 모둠원에게 나타난 오개념은 소집단 토의를 통해 올바른 과학 개념으로 수정되었다.
Abstract
In this study, we compared discourse by environments for using tools in terms of participation types, discourse types, and knowledge building processes. 24 first-year high school students were divided into six groups. They were assigned to the sharing tools environment, which used one marker and one smart device, or the individual tools environment, which used markers and smart devices individually. Students participated in small group learning using AR application based on the concept of chemical bonding. All classes were video- and audio-taped. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six students who voluntarily agreed. The results of the study revealed that the sharing tools environment had a high proportion of one-student dominating type, while the individual tools environment had a high proportion of partly participating type and most students participating type. In the individual tools environment, the ratio of knowledge sharing and knowledge construction discourse was similar compared to the tool sharing environment, and the sub-discourse types were also diverse. In the sharing tools environment, only some students had a meaningful knowledge building process. On the other hand, in the individual tools environment, most of the group members constructed knowledge about the target concept, and had a meaningful knowledge building process. In addition, the misconceptions that appeared to some group members were corrected through small group discussions.
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