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한국의 선도적 과학자가 경험한 어려움과 과학교육에의 시사점

Difficulties Experienced by Leading Korean Scientists and Implications for Science Education

김중복|정연수
한국과학교육학회 (The Korean Association for Science Education)|2024.08|한국과학교육학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education)|제44권 제4호|pp. 343-360|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2024.44.4.343

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difficultyscientific researchscience educationscientistR&E과학교육어려움과학자연구 과정
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구에서는 한국의 선도적 과학자가 연구 과정에서 경험한 어려움을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 과학교육에의 시사점을 제시하고자하였다. 선도적 과학자를 판단하는 기준으로 연구 영향력 측면과 수상 경력 측면을 활용하였으며 총 13명의 연구 참여자를 선정하여문헌조사와 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 면담 내용은 녹음하고전사하였으며, 구성주의 근거이론 방법에 의거하여 자료를 질적 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 선도적 과학자가 연구 과정에서 경험한 어려움은 아무도 가보지 않은 길, 예상치 못한 돌발 상황, 척박한 국내 연구 환경의3가지 대범주와 11가지 하위범주로 분석되었다. 아무도 가보지 않은길은 과학자가 새로운 연구 분야를 창출하거나 선도해가면서 부딪히는 어려움으로 연구 성과에 대한 불확실성으로 인한 불안, 연구 분야의 지식 축적 부족, 학계 리더로서 연구영향력 유지에 대한 부담감으로 분석되었다. 예상치 못한 돌발 상황은 연구자라면 누구라도 연구과정에서 부딪힐 수 있는 어려움으로 새로운 현상을 기존 이론으로설명 불가능, 연구 결과의 활용 불가, 반복된 실패로 분석되었다. 척박한 국내 연구 환경은 연구비 지원시스템의 불합리함, 인적 네트워크의 부족, 학생들의 취업과 진로의 한계, 연구 장비의 열악함, 퇴직연구자에 대한 연구 지원 정책 부족으로 분석되었다. 과학자들이 경험한 어려움은 각 하위범주별로 과학자의 구체적인 사례를 담았으며, 과학교육 및 R&E의 문제점과 발전방향에 대해 논의하였다. 본 연구는 선도적 과학자들의 연구 과정에서 경험한 어려움을 생생한 목소리로 전달하여 과학교육자에게는 과학교육과 R&E의 방향에대한 시사점을 제공하며, 이공계열 진학을 희망하는 학생들에게는진로교육 자료로써 과학을 바라보는 태도와 과학의 본성에 대한 이해에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 더불어 과학 연구 정책의 개선 방안을 모색하여국내의 과학 전문성 함양 문화가 발달하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difficulties with scientific research faced by leading Korean scientists and suggest implications for science education. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 leading Korean scientists and were qualitatively analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. The results of the study showed that the leading scientists encountered 11 subcategories of difficulties, which were grouped into three main categories: uncharted territory, unexpected situations, and a lack of resources in domestic research environments. ‘Uncharted territory’ comprised anxiety due to uncertainty about research performance, insufficient knowledge accumulation in the field of research, and the burden of maintaining research influence as an academic leader. ‘Unexpected situations’ included encountering new phenomena that cannot be explained by existing theories, an inability to utilize research results, and repeated failures. ‘A lack of resources in domestic research environments’ included inadequate research funding support systems, a shortage of expert networks, limitations on employment and career opportunities for students, poor research equipment, and insufficient support policies for retired researchers. This study provides science educators with implications for the direction of science education and R&E. For students, it can serve as career education material, their attitudes towards science and their understanding of its nature. Lastly, the study may contribute to finding ways to improve scientific research policies and to developing a culture that fosters expertise in science.

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