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성인의 건강증진을 위한 신체활동 실천 모니터링 도구

Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Monitoring Tool for Korean Adults

김완수|이미라
대한임상건강증진학회 (Korean Society For Health Promotion And Disease Prevention)|2009.06|Korean Journal of Health Promotion|제9권 제2호|pp. 75-85

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참고문헌

키워드

측정신체활동Physical activity건강증진Health PromotionMeasurement
주제분류기타자연과학

초록

국민건강증진종합계획 하에 우리나라 성인의 규칙적 신체활동 참여율 증가를 위한 노력이 상당히 진행되고 있고, 이에 따라 괄목할만한 변화가 있어 왔다. 반면, 부분적으로는 신체활동 참여 모니터링 도구의 제한성으로 인해 그 사업의 성과가 최대로 얻어지고 있지는 않고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 기존에 사용되고 있는 도구의 타당성을 그 과학적 근거에 기반하여 구체적으로 검토, 제시하고, 이를 근거로 보다 타당한 신체활동 참여 모니터링 도구 개발의 방향성을 제시하는 것이 현 시점에서 매우 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서 저자들은 신체활동 권고 관련 기관이나 전문가들로 하여금 기존의 신체활동 권고를 수정하도록 이끈 주요 요인들을 권고안의 변화에 대한 심층 고찰을 통해 도출하여 신체활동 모니터링 도구 개발 시 요구되는 방향성을 규명하고, 그 후 규명된 방향성에 근거하여 현재 사용되고 있는 도구의 타당도를 검토하였다. 분석 결과 기존의 신체활동 권고를 수정하도록 이끈 주요 요인들은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 신체활동의 효과를 심폐체력으로부터 만성질환 예방 및 체중 관리를 포함하는 건강상의 이점으로 확장하는 패러다임의 변화이다. 둘째, 실행 가능성과 안전성에 대한 증가된 중요성이다. 즉 신체활동 모니터링 도구 개발 시에는 효과성, 실행 가능성 및 안전성 요소가 고려되어야 한다는 것이 암시되고 있었다. 이를 근거로 하여 현재 한국에서 사용되고 있는 신체활동 모니터링 도구를 검토한 결과 몇 가지 개선될 사항이 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 현재 사용되고 있는 도구는 다음과 같은 맥락에서 수정될 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 첫째, 선행 문헌에 근거한 신체활동 강도에 대한 정의/기술을 보다 충분히 반영하여야 한다. 둘째, 최소한의 권고를 충족하고 있으나 중강도 신체활동 또는 고강도 신체활동에 참여하지 않는 것으로 간주되고 있는 대상자까지 포함할 수 있도록 수정되어야 한다. 셋째, 신체활동 참여의 안전성에 대한 정보를 줄 수 있는 문항들이 추가될 필요가 있다. 이에 근거하여 보다 타당한 신체활동 모니터링 도구를 개발하기 위한 추후 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Under the national health project, ‘Health Plan 2010', there have been noticeable important changes in physical activity participation in Korea. However, partly because of the limitations with the physical activity monitoring tool that has been used nationwide, this project has had some difficulties to reach its possible maximum accomplishment. Therefore, it is time to review its limitations in detail with an emphasis on its scientific evidence and, based on this, to provide the directions to change. Therefore, the authors intended to draw the key factors which have led responsible organizations or scientists to modify former physical activity recommendations because these factors reflect important changes in the field of physical activity or exercise and can give directions when developing a physical activity monitoring tool. Then, the currently used physical activity monitoring tool was reviewed on the basis of these factors. The findings of the in-depth review were as follows. There has been a paradigm shift in which efficacy of physical activity was expanded from cardiorespiratory fitness to health benefits including preventing chronic diseases and weight management. In addition, much emphasis has been laid on feasibility and safety. Accordingly, these three factors (efficacy, feasibility, and safety) have been implied to be importantly considered when developing a physical activity monitoring tool. On the basis of these findings, the physical activity monitoring tool currently used in Korea appeared to have some measurement issues requiring modification. Therefore, further studies are necessary to develop a more valid physical activity monitoring tool. The currently used monitoring tool should be modified in this context: it should apply evidence-based definitions/descriptions of physical activity intensity, include items to incorporate individuals who do meet the minimum recommendation but not regarded as doing either moderate-intensity physical activity or vigorous-intensity physical activity in the current monitoring tool, and add items to give information on safety of physical activity participation.

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