미세먼지 농도와 악성 신생물 사망률과의 상관관계
Correlation between Coarse Airborne Particulate Matter and Mortality Rates of Malignant Neoplasm
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연구배경: 최근 미세먼지의 유해성에 대한 사회적 관심이증가되었다. 미세먼지가 호흡기계, 심혈관계에 부정적인영향을 미치며, 폐암 발생에 기여한다는 연구 결과가 있으나, 미세먼지와 폐암 이외의 암 발생 또는 암으로 인한 사망에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 미세먼지 농도와 주요 악성 신생물(암)로 인한 사망과의 상관관계에 대해 연구하였다. 방법:2008-2014년 사이의 지역별 연간 미세먼지(PM10) 평균농도 자료를 한국환경공단 에어코리아에서 얻었고, 지역별 연간 사망원인통계를 통계청에서 얻었으며, 두 자료를 활용하여 미세먼지 농도와 암으로 인한 사망률 간의 상관분석을 시행하였다. 통계청 사망원인통계 중에서 사망원인이 악성 신생물(암)인 경우(총 12종류)를 분석에 이용하였고, 원 자료에 제시된 사망자 수, 사망률, 연령표준화사망률 중에서 사망자 수와, 사망률은 인구 수와 연령에 따른오차가 발생할 우려가 있기에, 연령표준화사망률을 변수로사용하였다. 원 자료의 지역별 연간 PM10 평균농도와 지역별 연간 연령표준화사망률을 동일지역, 동일연도별로 각각1대 1로 짝지은 후, 산점도를 도출하고 두 변수 사이의Pearson 상관분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 산점도에서 악성 신생물(암) 전체, 기관/기관지 및폐, 위, 결장/직장 및 항문, 자궁의 악성 신생물, 백혈병의6종류의 암에서 연령표준화사망률이 연간 미세먼지 평균농도와 약한 양의 상관관계를 보였고, Pearson 상관분석에서는 상기 6가지 종류 암 중 백혈병을 제외한, 암 전체(r=0.247, P=0.009), 기관/기관지 및 폐(r=0.277, P=0.003), 위(r=0.434, P=0.000), 결장/직장 및 항문(r=0.377, P=0.000), 자궁(r=0.226, P=0.017)의 5가지 종류 암에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과, 암 환자 또는 암발병 고위험군 환자는 미세먼지 노출에 주의를 요할 것으로 생각되고, 향후미세먼지와 암 발병률을 포함한 암 사망률과의 상관관계에대하여 단면 연구라는 본 연구의 제한점을 극복한 보다 대규모 코호트 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Background:There have been growing interests in harmful effects of dust particles on human health. It has been reported that dust particles negatively affected respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Relationship of dust particles and lung cancer incidence was also investigated. However, there is a lack of studies regarding the relationship between dust particles and cancers except for lung cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship of dust particle concentration and cancer mortality in Korea. Methods:Average concentration of coarse dust particles (particulate matter 10, PM10) of 2008-2014 were obtained from AirKorea website and cancer mortality was found in Statistics Korea for 2008-2014. Correlation analyses using PM10and cancer mortality were performed. Age-adjusted death rate (AADR) was used for correlation analysis because a number of death and mortality rate do not reflect population and age of death. Regional annual PM10was matched with AADR of identical area. Correlation between two variables was presented in scatter plots and Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed. Results:PM10concentration was positively correlated with AADR of malignant neoplasm, lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, uterus cancer, and leukemia. PM10concentration was significantly correlated with AADR of malignant neoplasm (r=0.247, P=0.009), lung cancer (r=0.277, P=0.003), stomach cancer (r=0.434, P=0.000), colon cancer (r=0.377, P=0.000), and uterus cancer (r=0.226, P=0.017). Conclusion:This study suggested that cancer patients or high-risk group for cancer should pay attention to PM10concentration. Large-scale studies should investigate the relationship of PM10concentration and cancer incidence including cancer mortality to extend understanding of this cross-section study.
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