한국인 성인의 끼니별 단백질 섭취 분포
Protein Intake by Korean Adults through Meals
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초록
연구배경: 본 연구는 한국인 성인을 성별 및 연령군별로층화하여, 단백질 섭취 적절성과 끼니별 동물성, 식물성 단백질 섭취량과 섭취 분포를 평가하고, 주요 단백질 급원을제시하기 위해 시행되었다. 방법: 2016-2018년 국민건강영양조사의 만 19세 이상 성인 15,639명의 단면자료를 활용하였다. 총 단백질, 식물성, 동물성 단백질 섭취는 1일간의 24시간 회상법을 사용하여평가하였다. 아침, 점심, 저녁의 구분은 조사 대상자의 주관적 답변에 근거한 국민건강영양조사의 끼니 구분을 사용하였다. 남성과 여성 각각에서 연령에 따라 청년군(19-39세), 중년군(40-64세), 노년군(65세 이상)으로 나누어 층화분석을실시하였다. 결과: 청년군의 RNI 기준 총 단백질 섭취 충족률은 여성과 남성에서 각각 67.4±1.2%, 62.9±1.1%인 반면 노년군에서는 각각 51.9±1.4%, 35.7±1.3%였다. 남성에서 단백질 섭취 분포는 아침 17.4±0.3%, 점심 32.6±0.3%, 저녁 38.4±0.3%, 간식 11.6±0.2%였고, 여성에서도 아침이 낮은 패턴을 보였다. 남녀 모두에서 청년군(10.9±0.4 g/day, 12.2±0.4%)에서노년군(16.9±0.3 g/day, 27.3±0.4%)으로 갈수록 아침 단백질섭취량과 섭취 분율은 증가하고 저녁 단백질 섭취량과 섭취분율은 감소하였다. 청년군, 중년군의 끼니별 단백질 섭취의 1위, 2위 급원은 육류나 곡류였고, 3위 급원은 어패류였다. 노년군의 경우는 3끼 모두 곡류가 1위 단백질 급원을 차지하였다. 결론: 단백질 섭취량의 증가에도 불구하고 한국인 청년군3명 중 1명, 노년군 3명 중 2명은 권장 섭취량을 충족하지못하였으며, 끼니별 고르지 못한 단백질 섭취 분포를 보였다.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of protein intake through meals and present the major protein sources of Korean adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 15,639 adults aged 19 years or older from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were obtained. The total, animal, plant protein intakes were assessed using 1-day 24-hour recall. The distinction between breakfast, lunch, and dinner was based on the subjective answers of the participants. Results: The adequacy of protein intake based on the Recommended Nutrient Intake was 67.4±1.2% and 62.9±1.1% in young men and women, respectively; it was 51.9±1.4% and 35.7±1.3% in older men and women, respectively. For men, the proportions of proteins through meals were 17.4±0.3%, 32.6±0.3%, 38.4±0.3%, and 11.6±0.2% for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks, respectively. The women showed a similar distribution. In both men and women, as the age group progressed from the young (10.9±0.4 g/day, 12.2±0.4%) to the old (16.9±0.3 g/day, 27.3±0.4%), their intake of proteins and their proportions in meals taken as breakfast also increased, while their dinner protein intake and proportion decreased. The highest-ranked and the 2nd highest- ranked protein sources among the young and middle-aged groups were meat and grains, respectively; the third sources were fish and shellfish. In the old-age group, grains were the highest-ranked protein sources across all three meals. Conclusions: Despite the increase in protein intake, one out of three young people and two out of three older adults in Korea had inadequate protein intake and uneven meal distributions of protein intake.
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