청장년 한국인의 동물성, 식물성 단백질 섭취와 사회경제적 수준
Animal and Plant Protein Intake and Socioeconomic Status in Young and Middle-Aged Korean Adults
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초록
연구배경: 사회경제적 수준은 식품 섭취에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 청장년 한국인에서 단백질 섭취 적절성을 평가하고, 사회경제적 수준과 총단백질, 동물성 단백질, 식물성 단백질 섭취량과의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 2016년부터 2018년까지 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 19세부터 64세까지 남성 4,745명, 여성 6,659명으로 총11,404명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 단백질 섭취는 조사전일1일간의 24시간 회상법를 사용하여 평가하였고, 가구소득과교육수준은 훈련받은 조사자의 면접조사를 통해 얻어졌다. 결과: 한국인 청장년층의 권장섭취량(RNI) 충족률은 남성66.5% (0.8), 여성 58.2% (0.8)였다. 보정 후, 남성(P=0.051)과여성(P=0.080) 모두에서 가구소득이 증가할수록 동물성 단백질 섭취량이 경계성의 유의성을 보이며 증가하였다. 여성에서 교육수준이 증가할수록 동물성 단백질(P=0.003), 식물성단백질 섭취량(P=0.002)이 모두 증가한 반면, 남성에서 교육수준은 단백질 섭취량과 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 결론: 한국인 청장년 3명 중 1명에서는 단백질 섭취 부족을 보였고, 사회경제적 수준은 단백질 섭취량과 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 이러한 관련성은 여성에서 더 두드러지게나타났다.
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake is affected by socioeconomic status (SES). The aim of this study is to assess adequacy of protein intake, and to investigate the association between SES, in terms of household income and educational attainment, and protein intake according to the protein source i.e., plant or animal protein, in a nationally representative sample of young and middle-aged Korean adults. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 1,404 Koreans, aged between 19 and 64, who had participated in the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. One day (24-hour) recall data was used to estimate the daily total of animal and plant protein intake. Household income quartiles and educational attainment were assessed by trained interviewers. Results: The proportion of protein intake adequacy, based on the Korean recommended nutrient intake (RNI; 0.91 g/kg/day), was 66.5% (0.8) for males and 58.2% (0.8) for females. After adjustment, household income quartiles were positively associated with animal protein intake with a marginal significance both in males (P=0.051) and females (P=0.080) and showed a marginal negative association with plant protein intake in males (P=0.050) and a marginal positive association in females (P=0.074). Educational attainment was positively associated with total protein (P=0.001), animal protein (P=0.003), and plant protein intake (P=0.002), only in females. Conclusions: One out of three young and middle-aged Korean adults showed protein intake inadequacy. Socioeconomic status, measured by household income and educational attainment, was associated with protein intake in young and middle-aged Korean adults and the associations were more marked in females.
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