한국 성인의 식사의 규칙성에 따른 영양소 섭취와 심혈관계 위험인자
Meal Regularity is Associated with Nutrient Adequacy and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults
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연구배경: 식사의 규칙성과 이에 따른 영양소섭취 적정도와 사회인구학적 요인, 건강관련 행동, 심혈관계 위험인자와의 관련성을 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2005년 국민건강 영양조사에서 24시간 회상법에 의한 식품섭취량과 식생활조사, 검진조사에 참여한 20세 이상의 성인 6,439명(남성 2,886명, 여성 3,553명)을 연구대상으로 하였다. 식습관 조사에서 2일간 아침, 점심, 저녁 3식을 모두 섭취한다고 응답한 경우는 규칙적인 식사군(regular eater, RE)으로, 1식이라도 거른다고 응답한 경우는 불규칙적인 식사군(irregular eater, IRE)으로 분류하였다. 결과: 남성의 71.4% (2,061명)와 여성의 65.1% (2,314명)가 규칙적인 식사 패턴(RE)을 가지고 있었다. 식사의 규칙성은 연령이 높을수록, 배우자가 있는 경우, 규칙적인 운동실천(남성), 비흡연자(여성)와 관련되어 있었다. RE군은 IRE군보다 가족과 식사를 하는 빈도가 높았으며, 외식을 덜 하였지만(여성, P=0.001), 양 군 간 간식의 횟수는 차이가 없었다. 거대영양소 섭취에서 IRE군은 RE군보다 지방 에너지밀도가 높고, 탄수화물 에너지밀도는 더 낮았다. 미량영양소인 칼슘과 철분, 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 리보플라빈, 티아민, 나이아신을 평균필요량(Estimated Average Requirement, EAR)보다 적게 섭취하는 비율이 IRE군에서 더 높았다. 저밀도콜레스테롤은 남성(P=0.018)과 여성(P=0.047) 모두에서 IRE군에서 더 높았다. 결론: 식사의 규칙성은 영양소섭취와 심혈관계 위험인자에 영향을 준다.
Abstract
Background: This study tests a hypothesis that the conventional meal pattern of eating all of breakfast, lunch, and dinner is associated with nutrients adequacy and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. Methods: This study uses the 24-hour dietary recall and the eating habit questionnaires from the nutrition survey of the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 6,439 adults consisting of 2,886 men and 3,553 women were included in the analysis. The question, “Did you eat all of breakfast, lunch, and dinner for the last two days?” was given. A “yes” classified the participant as a 'regular eater’ (RE), a “no”, an ‘irregular eater’ (IRE). Results: Among the study participants, 71% (n=2,061) of men and 65.1% (n=2,314) of women were REs. Proportions of REs increased with age. Meal regularity was significantly related to marital status, regular exercise (men), and smoking status (women). The RE group had a greater tendency for eating with family members and less tendency for eating out (women). The meal regularity was related with macronutrients intake and the adequacy of micronutrients intake. The IRE group had a significantly higher fasting glucose (men) and LDL cholesterol level than the RE group. Conclusions: A regular eating habit of three meals per day is not only associated with nutrients intake, but related with cardiovascular risk profiles.
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