아동비만 예방을 위한 스마트폰 어플리케이션 프로토타입 개발: 개발 근거 및 실행가능성 연구 설계
Development of a Smartphone Application Prototype for Child Obesity Prevention: Rationale and Study Design of Acceptability and Feasibility Tests
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연구배경: 비만의 예방과 관리를 위한 다양한 생활습관중재 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 아동의 성장기적 발달특성을고려한 효과적인 중재방법 개발이 여전히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서 생활습관 교정을 통한 아동의 비만 관리를 위해 게이미피케이션(gamification)과 자기관찰(self-monitoring) 전략을 기반으로 한 스마트폰 어플리케이션 “HAPPY ME” 개발하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 아동비만 관리를 위한스마트폰 어플리케이션 개발의 타당성 및 실행가능성 평가를 위해 고안된 연구방법을 제시하고자 함이다. 방법: 본 연구는 1) 스마트폰 어플리케이션 개발을 위한이론-기반 개념적 틀과 타당성, 2) 초등학교 4-6학년을 대상으로 한 사전-사후 연구방법에 대해 기술하였다. 연구기간 동안 스마트폰 어플리케이션을 통해 식생활과 신체활동 증진과 관련된 실제적인 지식과 기술을 포함한 정보메세지를 대상자들에게 매일 1회 제공하며, 자기관찰 및 건강증진 퀘스트 수행을 격려한다. 연구 종료 시 “HAPPY ME”에 대한 대상자들의 수용성 및 실행가능성을 평가하기 위한 어플리케이션 이용 및 만족도에 대한 조사를 실시하고, 건강행위 증진에 대한 자기효능감과 행위변화단계(stage of behavioral change)를 평가하고자 한다. 결론: 본 연구 결과를 통해 아동 비만 예방 및 관리를 위해 개발된 스마트폰 어플리케이션의 타당성 및 수용성, 아동의 자기관리를 통한 건강증진 행위 개발 도구로서의 적합성에 대한 근거를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 본 연구 결과는 아동의 비만 예방 및 관리를 목적으로한스마트폰 어플리케이션 기반 아동의 생활습관 중재의효과 평가를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
Background: There have been many efforts to rectify lifestyles that contribute to obesity using a variety of methodologies in heterogeneous settings, but effective and sustainable interventions that are suitable for children are still needed. We developed a smartphone application called “HAPPY ME” for guiding health behavior decisions, which employs gamification and self-monitoring strategies. The aim of this paper is to outline the rationale and methods for the development and feasibility test of “HAPPY ME”. Methods: The study consisted of two phases: 1) description of theory-based conceptual framework and rationales for smartphone application development and 2) outline of a pre- and post-test design in 4th-6th grade of healthy elementary school students for 4 weeks. The students will be delivered missions or messages on a daily basis, which is to stretch the knowledge and skills for action. They will simultaneously be engaged in self-monitoring their eating and physical activities to clear daily quests. To measure acceptability and feasibility we will monitor usability, compliance, and satisfaction for a 4-week study period and evaluate the intervention effects on self-efficacy, readiness, and intention to engage in healthy behavior. Conclusions: The results of the feasibility study will show whether the smartphone application “HAPPY ME” for children is acceptable, as well as if it is usable and feasible for self-directed health management. The results will provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of smartphone application-supported child behavioral modification for child obesity prevention and management.
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