정신장애인을 위한 지지독립주거의 효과에 관한 연구
A Study on the Effects of Supported Independent Housing for the Persons with Mental Disabilities
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연구배경: 안정적인 주거지원체계 마련은 정신장애인의지역사회 안정적인 안착을 위해서 꼭 고려되어야 할 요소이다. 본 연구는 독립적 생활이 가능한 정신장애인에게 독립주거지를 지원하여 프로그램 성과를 확인하고 정신장애인의 주거 정책 및 독립주거지원 방안 마련을 위한 실제적 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 방법: 공공영역에서 제공한 지지독립주거 프로그램에 참여한 정신장애인 24명과 공동생활가정거주 정신장애인 31명대상으로 7개 회복변인(BPRS, GAF, 내재화된 낙인, 희망, 자아존중감, 삶의 만족도, 협력관계)을 결과변인으로 하여1년간 추적 연구를 실시하였다. 지지독립주거 집단의 경우사전-6개월-1년 3차례, 공동생활가정은 사전-1년 2차례 평가를 실시하였다. 결과: 지지독립주거 집단의 경우 GAF와 내재화된 낙인에유의한 결과를 보였고, 협력관계는 6개월 시점에 감소하다1년 후 다시 회복하는 양상을 보였다. 공동생활가정 집단은희망, 자아존중감, 삶의 만족도 등 심리적 변인에 유의한 결과를 보였으며 두 집단 간 비교시 GAF만 1년 후 유의미한차이를 나타냈다. 결론: 주거지원에 대한 연구는 가장 효과적인 주거유형을입증하는 것보다 정신장애인의 다양한 개별 상황과 주거 형태에 따른 선호도를 고려한 안정적인 주거지 확보와 주거서비스 접근성 확대가 중요하다.
Abstract
Background: This study is a 1-year follow-up study for mentally disabled people who started living independently. The purpose of this study is to confirm the performance of the supported independent housing (SIH) program for severe mental illness and to compare the effectiveness with the collective living family, a group home (GH). Methods: This study included mentally disabled people living in publicly supported SIH (n=24) and living in GH (n=31). The outcome measures were brief psychiatric rating scale, Global Assessment Function (GAF), internalized stigma, hope, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and working alliance. Analyzes were performed using descriptive methods and chi-square analysis, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Friedman test. Results: In the case of the SIH group, GAF and internalized stigma showed a significant effect after 1 year, and the working alliance showed a tendency to decrease at 6 months and then increase again after 1 year. In comparison between the two groups, only GAF showed a significant difference after 1 year. Hope, self-esteem, and life satisfaction showed a significant effect in the GH group after 1 year, but not in the SIH group. Conclusions: Results show that the SIH and GH housing types achieve different results over the 1-year period. GAF and internalized stigma were significant in SIH, and psychological variables were significant in GH. In GAF, SIH showed a more significant effect than GH. Housing support should take into account the various individual circumstances and preferences of the client, and above all, securing housing stability and expanding accessibility is important.
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