본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

고령자의 고독과 외로움 평가도구에 관한 체계적 문헌고찰: 경향과 활용전망

Systematic Review of the Social Isolation and Loneliness Assessment Tools for Older Adults: Trend and Application Prospect

김아람|박강현
한국노인작업치료학회 (Korean Society for Geriatric Occupational Therapy)|2023.12|한국노인작업치료학회지 (Korea Journal of Geriatric Occupational Therapy)|제5권 제2호|pp. 39-51|DOI 10.23189/yksgot.2023.5.2.003

2

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

고령자체계적 문헌고찰Older adults고독외로움AssessmentSystematic reviewLoneliness평가도구Social isolation

초록

목적 : 본 연구는 기존의 고령자의 외로움 및 사회적 고독감 평가도구들에 대한 문헌고찰을 통해 각 문헌의 질적 수준, 평가도구의 종류 및 빈도, 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 이 평가는 고령자의 외로움 및 사회적 고독감을 평가하기 위한 새로운 평가도구를 개발하는 기반으로 활용될 것이다. 연구방법 : 검색기간은 2013년 1월부터 2023년 8월까지였으며, 국외 데이터베이스 Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science를 사용하여 문헌을 수집하였다. 주요 검색어는 “older adult” OR “elderly” AND “loneliness” OR “social isolation” AND “assessment” OR “measurement”를 사용하였다. 선정기준과 제외기준에 따라 최종65건의 문헌이 선정되었다. 결과 : 최종 문헌으로 선정된 65건을 고찰한 결과, 총 9개의 평가도구가 고령자의 외로움과 고독을 평가하기 위해 사용되었다. 평가방식은 자가보고 혹은 자기기입식의 설문지 형태로 구성되어 있었다. 평가항목은 개인의 정서적 측면, 환경적 측면, 관계적 측면을 주로 측정하는 것으로 나타났다. 평가문항은 최소6문항부터 최대 37문항으로 다양하였으며, 점수척도는 리커트척도(범위: 3~7점)를 적용하여 측정하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 고령자를 위한 새로운 평가도구를 개발하는 데 있어서 다양한 측면에서의 평가항목 및 점수 척도를 고려하는 데 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 것이다. 더불어 추후 이를 기반으로 개발된 평가도구는 고령자의 외로움과 사회적 고독을 정량적으로 평가하여 상태를 종합적으로 이해하고 정량화함으로써 정확한 중재 및 지원 프로그램을 개발하고 운영할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Objective : This study aims to analyze the theoretical basis and key evaluation factors of each tool through a literature review of existing loneliness and social isolation assessment tools. This evaluation can be used as the basis for the development of new assessment tools. Methods : Literature was collected from overseas Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The primary search keywords used were “older adult” or “elderly,” “loneliness” or “social isolation,” and “assessment” or “measurement.” Based on the selection and exclusion criteria, 65 studies were selected. Results : After reviewing 65 cases selected as the final literature, a total of 11 evaluation tools were used to analyze the loneliness and social isolation of older adults. The evaluation method consisted of self-reported and self-written questionnaires. The evaluation items were found to mainly measure individual emotional, environmental, and relational aspects. The evaluation questions ranged from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 37, and the score scale was measured using a Likert scale (range: 3~7 points). Conclusion : The results of this study can be used as important basic data for considering evaluation items and scoring scales in various aspects of the development of new evaluation tools for older adults. Additionally, evaluation tools developed based on this will be able to develop and operate accurate intervention and support programs by quantitatively evaluating the loneliness and social isolation of older adults and comprehensively understanding and quantifying their condition.

참고문헌 (47)

  1. Alcaraz, K. I., "Social isolation and mortality in US black and white men and women", American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(1), pp.102~109 (2019)[DOI]
  2. Arbesman, M., "Using AOTA's critically appraised topic(CAT)and critically appraised paper(CAP)series to link evidence to practice", Occupational Therapy Practice, 13(12), pp.18~22 (2008)
  3. Bao, L., "Feelings of loneliness and mental health needs and services utilization among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic", Globalization and Health, 17(1), pp.51~ (2021)[DOI]
  4. Berg, R. L., "Social isolation among older individuals: The relationship to mortality and morbidity" (1992), National Academies Press
  5. Berkman, L. F., "Health and ways of living", Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 28(4), pp.263~ (1986)
  6. Bouaziz, G., "Technological solutions for social isolation monitoring of the elderly : A survey of selected projects from academia and industry", Sensors, 22(22), pp.8802~ (2022)[DOI]
  7. Boulos, C., "Social isolation and risk for malnutrition among older people", Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 17(2), pp.286~294 (2017)[DOI]
  8. Cacioppo, J. T., "The growing problem of loneliness", The Lancet, 391(10119), pp.426~ (2018)[DOI]
  9. Cacioppo, S., "Toward a neurolog y of loneliness", Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), pp.1464~1504 (2014)[DOI]
  10. Cacioppo, J. T., "Perceived social isolation and cognition", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), pp.447~454 (2009)[DOI]
  11. Cacioppo, J. T., "Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms : Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses", Psychology and Aging, 21(1), pp.140~151 (2006)[DOI]
  12. Cacioppo, J. T., "Loneliness:Human nature and the need for social connection" (2008), W W Norton & Co
  13. Cornwell, E. Y., "Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(1), pp.31~48 (2009)[DOI]
  14. Cutrona, C. E., "The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress", Advances in Personal Relationships, 1(1), pp.37~67 (1983)
  15. "Age UK evidence review" (2014)[URL]
  16. de Jong-Gierveld, J., "The development of a Rasch-type loneliness scale", Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(3), pp.289~299 (1985)[DOI]
  17. del Pozo Cruz, B., "Impact of social isolation on physical functioning among older adults : A 9-year longitudinal study of a U. S. -representative sample", American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 61(2), pp.158~164 (2021)[DOI]
  18. DiTommaso, E., "The development and initial validation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults(SELSA)", Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), pp.127~134 (1993)[DOI]
  19. Freedman, A., "Social isolation and loneliness : The new geriatric giants : Approach for primary care", Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien, 66(3), pp.176~182 (2020)
  20. Hansen, T., "Late-life loneliness in 11 European countries : Results from the generations and gender survey", Social Indicators Research, 129(1), pp.445~464 (2016)[DOI]
  21. Hawkley, L. C., "Loneliness matters : A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms", Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), pp.218~227 (2010)[DOI]
  22. Hawthorne, G., "Measuring social isolation in older adults : Development and initial validation of the friendship scale", Social Indicators Research, 77(3), pp.521~548 (2006)[DOI]
  23. Holt-Lunstad, J., "Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality : A meta-analytic review", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), pp.227~237 (2015)[DOI]
  24. Lasgaard, M., "“Where are all the lonely people?” A population-based study of high-risk groups across the life span", Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(10), pp.1373~1384 (2016)[DOI]
  25. Lauder, W., "A comparison of health behaviours in lonely and non-lonely populations", Psychology, Health & Medicine, 11(2), pp.233~245 (2006)[DOI]
  26. Leigh-Hunt, N., "An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness", Public Health, 152, pp.157~171 (2017)[DOI]
  27. López Doblas, J., "The feeling of loneliness in old age", Revista Internacional De Sociología, 76(1), pp.e085~ (2018)[DOI]
  28. Lubben, J. E., "Assessing social networks among elderly populations", Family & Community Health, 11(3), pp.42~52 (1988)[DOI]
  29. Lubben, J., "Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale among three European communitydwelling older adult populations", The Gerontologist, 46(4), pp.503~513 (2006)[DOI]
  30. Manera, K. E., "Psychometric assessment of scales for measuring loneliness and social isolation : An analysis of the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia(HILDA)survey", Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 20(1), pp.40~ (2022)[DOI]
  31. Masi, C. M., "A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness", Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), pp.219~266 (2011)[DOI]
  32. Moser, A., "The eight-item modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey : Psychometric evaluation showed excellent performance", Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 65(10), pp.1107~1116 (2012)[DOI]
  33. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, "Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Opportunities for the health care system" (2020), The National Academies Press
  34. O'Rourke, H. M., "Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults : A scoping review", BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), pp.214~ (2018)[DOI]
  35. Park, D. C., "The impact of sustained engagement on cognitive function in older adults : The Synapse Project", Psychological Science, 25(1), pp.103~112 (2014)[DOI]
  36. Pikhartova, J., "Is loneliness in later life a self-fulfilling prophecy", Aging & Mental Health, 20(5), pp.543~549 (2016)[DOI]
  37. Russell, D. W., "UCLA Loneliness Scale(Version 3) : Reliability, validity, and factor structure", Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), pp.20~40 (1996)[DOI]
  38. Russell, D., "The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale : Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), pp.472~480 (1980)[DOI]
  39. 서영석, "한국인의 외로움(loneliness): 개념적 정의와 측정에 관한 고찰", 한국심리학회지:일반, 39(2), pp.205~247 (2020), 한국심리학회[DOI]
  40. Shepperd, J., "Exploring causes of the self-serving bias", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(2), pp.895~908 (2008)[DOI]
  41. Sun, J., "Social isolation and loneliness among Chinese older adults: Examining aging attitudes as mediators and moderators", Frontiers in Psychology, 13, pp.1043921~ (2022)[DOI]
  42. VanderWeele, T. J., "A marginal structural model analysis for loneliness : Implications for intervention trials and clinical practice", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(2), pp.225~235 (2011)[DOI]
  43. Vanhalst, J., "Why do the lonely stay lonely? Chronically lonely adolescents’attributions and emotions in situations of social inclusion and exclusion", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), pp.932~948 (2015)[DOI]
  44. Wiktorsson, S., "Attempted suicide in the elderly : Characteristics of suicide attempters 70 years and older and a general population comparison group", The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(1), pp.57~67 (2010)[DOI]
  45. Wilson, R. S., "Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease", Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(2), pp.234~240 (2007)[DOI]
  46. Zhou, Z., "Loneliness and the risk of dementia among older Chinese adults : Gender differences", Aging & Mental Health, 22(4), pp.519~525 (2018)[DOI]
  47. Zimet, G. D., "The multidimensional scale of perceived social support", Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), pp.30~41 (1988)[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

고령자 대상 사회적 건강 평가도구에 관한 체계적 고찰박지혁, 한예빈한국노인작업치료학회 · 한국노인작업치료학회지2023 · 제5권 제1호중장년층의 사회적 고립 중재에 대한 체계적 고찰양현, 박혜연, 신지원대한신경계작업치료학회 · 재활치료과학2024 · 제13권 제4호노인의 사회적 고립 완화를 위해 중재한 무작위 대조군 실험 연구에 대한 체계적 고찰박 혜 연, 김성원, 박수범, 정민예, 한정민한국노인작업치료학회 · 한국노인작업치료학회지2025 · 제7권 제1호지역사회 노인의 외로움 중재를 위한 비대면 서비스의 효과 분석 및 개발안 마련: 체계적 문헌고찰이선희, 최희경대한근관절건강학회 · 근관절건강학회지2022 · 제29권 제1호지역사회 노인의 사회연결망 분석에 대한 체계적 고찰박강현, 하성규한국노인작업치료학회 · 한국노인작업치료학회지2023 · 제5권 제2호주제범위 문헌고찰을 활용한 사회적 고립 연구: 청년기와 노년기의 비교 접근손다진, 이슬기재단법인 경기연구원 · GRI연구논총2025 · 제27권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)

노인의 사회적 참여 향상을 위한 중재에 대한 체계적 고찰박지혁, 한정민, 김아람pp. 9-23지역사회 노인의 사회연결망 분석에 대한 체계적 고찰박강현, 하성규pp. 25-37운동프로그램이 주의력결핍과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) 아동 및 청소년의 주의집중력에 미치는 영향: 체계적 고찰김민아, 이유나, 김준식, 성지원, 이민아, 이경인pp. 53-64노인의 허약에 영향을 미치는 라이프스타일 요인 탐색: 의사결정나무와 랜덤 포레스트 기법을 활용하여함예진, 박지혁pp. 65-83노인을 대상으로 한 상호작용 기반 인지 그룹 중재의 효과: 계량서지학적 분석유수연, 임영명, 박지혁pp. 85-95
원문 보기