魯迅雜文的用典原因及方式探析―以『墳』、『華蓋集』和『且介亭雜文』為中心
An Analysis of the Reasons and Methods of Using Allusions in Lu Xun's Essays—Focusing on Graveyard , Huagai Ji, and Qiejieting Essays
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참고문헌
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초록
筆者選取『墳』、『華蓋集』和『且介亭雜文』三部文集作為魯迅早、中、晚期雜文的代表，通過文體細讀和統計分析的方法考察了典故的運用。魯迅早期雜文典故使用最多，平均每篇文章9個以上，中晚期每篇文章4個以上。這些典故從先秦到晚清，跨越了兩千多年，範圍極其廣泛。 『莊子』、『論語』、『史記』和『孟子』是魯迅雜文用典的四大來源。魯迅雜文中大量用典有著深刻的原因，這與他成長的環境和所處的時代背景有關；將詩學的用典手法運用到雜文創作中，是他對修辭的跨體嘗試，也是雜文創作的需要。魯迅的用典方式體現在三個方面。第一，用典以作結；二是列用以批判；第三，借用以他剖和自剖。
Abstract
The author selected "Graveyard", "Huagai Ji" and "Qiejieting Essays" as representatives of Lu Xun's early, middle and late essays, and examined the use of allusions through the methods of close reading of the text and statistical analysis. It was found that the early allusions were used the most, with an average of more than 9 per essay, and more than 4 per essay in the middle and later stages. These allusions have spanned more than two thousand years from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, and the scope is extremely wide. Chuang Tzu, the Analects of Confucius, the Records of the Grand Historian, and Mencius are Lu Xun's four favorite sources of allusions. Lu Xun's extensive use of allusions in his essays has a profound reason, which is related to the environment in which he grew up and the background of the times he lived in; it is his cross-body attempt to apply the rhetorical techniques of poetics to the creation of essays, and it is also the demand for essay creation. Lu Xun’s argumentation art of essays using allusions is embodied in three aspects. First, use poems and ancient famous sayings to end the full text; second, list many allusions to criticize the unreasonable phenomena of ancient culture and national character; third, in allusions Dissecting others and himself.
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