普通話新興“有VP”結構的形成機制
The Formation Mechanism of New ‘有VP’ Structure in Mandarin
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本研究主要是基于Heine &Kuteva(2005)，以及吳福祥(2013)所提出的接触引发的语法演变中的语法复制理论，对普通话中“有”用在谓词性成分前表示事件的实现或者完成义的形成机制进行分析。通过分析可以得知，普通话“有VP”结构中“有”的语法功能是普通话在与闽粤等东南方言的语言接触形成的。虽然普通话作为汉民族共同语，地位相当牢固，但是闽粤地区，随着改革开放的进行，经济上处于优势地位。而经济基础决定上层建筑，闽粤方言地区“有”用在谓词性前用法普遍性极高。在与普通话的语言基础上，呈现出了极强的扩张性。普通话新兴语法结构“有VP”中“有”语法功能并非普通话内部重新分析和类推的结果，而是语言接触所引起的演变。它不是对语法借用，而是复制了闽粤等方言中“有”的语法功能，在普通话原来“有”的语法功能基础上，增加了新的功能。但是，从现阶段的使用情况来看，普通话的“有”只是部分复制了闽粤等方言的语法功能，闽粤等方言中“有”用于未然事件，以及用于形容词前的语法功能并未被复制到普通话中。因此，对于普通话的新兴表达“有VP",我们应该抱着发展的眼光来看待，不能盲目否定。而至于将来普通话的“有”是否会复制此类语法功能，还有待时间的检验。
Abstract
This study is mainly based on Heine & Kuteva(2005) and Wu Fuxiang’s(2013) theory of grammatical duplication in grammatical evolution caused by contact. Analyze the formation mechanism. Through the analysis, it can be known that the grammatical function of ‘有’ in the structure of ‘有VP’ in Mandarin is formed by the language contact between Mandarin and southeastern dialects such as Fujian and Cantonese. Although Putonghua has a solid status as the common language of the Han nationality, the Fujian and Guangdong regions, with the reform and opening up, are in an economically advantageous position. The economic base determines the superstructure, and the usage of ‘有’ in the Fujian-Cantonese dialect area before the predicate is extremely high. On the basis of the language with Mandarin, it shows a strong expansion. The grammatical function of ‘有’ in the emerging grammatical structure ‘有VP’ in Mandarin is not the result of reanalysis and analogy within Mandarin, but the evolution caused by language contact. It does not borrow grammar, but copies the grammatical function of ‘有’ in Minyue and other dialects, and adds new functions on the basis of the original grammatical function of ‘有’ in Mandarin. However, judging from the current usage situation, the ‘有’ in Mandarin only partially copied the grammatical functions of Minyue and other dialects. Not copied into Mandarin. Therefore, we should look at the new expression ‘有VP‘ in Mandarin with a developmental perspective and not blindly deny it. As for whether the ‘有’ of in Mandarin will replicate this kind of grammatical function in the future, it remains to be tested by time.
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