現代漢語“有VP”的三個特殊句式
A Study on Three Special Sentence Patterns of “Have+VP” in Modern Chinese
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
本文主要对“有VP”的三个特殊句式“独立成句的‘有VP’，表达惯常义的‘有VP’以及表达反事实假设的‘有VP‘进行了分析。首先，在应答句中，‘有VP’句式前面的主语成分，以及VP成分都可以删除，只保留“有”独立成句。从这点可以看出现代汉语里“有”还某种程度保留着实际语义，还不能看成是一个体标记。第二，从‘有VP’除了能够表示一次性的已然事件以外，还能够表达惯常义，从“有”的出现位置来看，存在着“助动词”和“副词”两种可能。第三，‘有VP‘可以表示反事实假设，当‘有VP’用于假设句中，‘有VP’是一种上行式的，加法式的反事实思维，表达了话者的情感，这些情感可能是“遗憾”、“惋惜”、“不满”、甚至“责备”，这是一种情态体现。通过这些，本文推断“有VP”中“有”的性质有可能是表示存在意义的助动词，但是该助动词汉语里的“着”，“了”，”过”单纯表示语义意义的助动词不同。“有”是“有”在保留“存在”本义的同时，增加了一些语法功能，从而成为了多功能词。将“有”看成表达体意义功能词，或者看成“体标记”的主张，从现阶段来看，还值得商榷。
Abstract
This study analyzed three special phrases of ‘有VP’ in modern Chinese. These are ‘有VP’, which forms sentences independently, ‘有VP’ for habitual meaning, and ‘有VP’ to express anti-actual assumptions. First, in the answer to the question, all the subject and VP components in front of the ‘有VP’ structure can be deleted, and only ‘有’ can form a sentence independently. This means that ‘有’ still retains the practical meaning of ‘being' to some extent and is not grammatically used as a aspect mark. Second, ‘有VP’ generally expresses an event that has already occurred in the past, but it can also indicate habitual behavior, so it also functions as a habitual marker. Considering that it is usually an auxiliary verb, an adverb, or an end-of-sentence investigation that indicates habit in Chinese, the possibility that ‘有’ is an auxiliary verb. Third, ‘有VP’ can refer to the anti-realistic assumption, which is an upward additive anti-factual thought, with a kind of ‘regret’, It can represent the function of the modality. Therefore, the property of ‘有’ is highly likely to be a multifunctional word formed by adding various grammatical functions while still retaining the meaning of the ‘being’.
참고문헌 (46)
- 戴耀晶, "现代汉语时体系统研究" (1997), 浙江教育出版社
- 丁声树, "现代汉语语法讲话" (1961), 商务印书馆
- 高名凯, "汉语语法论" (1986), 商务印书馆
- 蒋严, "形式语义学引论" (2005), 中国社会科学出版社
- 柯理思, "日本现代汉语语法研究论文选" (2007), 北京语言大学出版社
- 黎锦熙, "新著国语文法" (1992), 商务印书馆
- 李行健, "现代汉语规范词典" (2004), 外语教学與研究出版社
- 沈家煊, "名词和动词" (2016), 商务印书馆
- 王力, "中国语法理论(下)" (1944), 商务印书馆
- 邢福义, "汉语语法学" (2016), 商务印书馆
- 张斌, "现代汉语虚词词典" (2001), 商务印书馆
- 张中行, "非主谓句" (1984), 上海教育出版社
- 赵元任, "汉语口语语法" (1979), 商务印书馆
- 朱德熙, "语法讲义" (1982), 商务印书馆
- 손정애, "현대중국어 가정조건복문에서의 조사 ‘了’의 용법", 중국언어연구, (55), pp.97~121 (2014), 한국중국언어학회
- 이명정, "현대중국어 상 체계 분석", 박사, 중어중문학, pp.2011
- 팽조하, "현대중국어 “有+VP”구조 연구 - 상표지와 초점표지 기능을 중심으로", 박사, pp.2015
- 홍연옥, "'有'의 의미기능과 문법화 연구", 박사, 중어중문학과 어학전공, pp.2013
- 北京语言学院句型研究小组, "现代汉语基本句型", 世界汉语教学, (1), pp.23~29 (1991)
- 陈前瑞, "南方方言“有”字句的多功能性分析", 语言教学與研究, (4), pp.47~55 (2010)
- 陈叶红, "副词性确认标记词“有”", 重庆工学院学报(社会科学版), (3), pp.133~136 (2007)
- 董秀芳, "现代汉语中的助动词“有没有”", 语言教学與研究, (2), pp.1~8 (2004)
- 杜小红, "现代汉语独语句研究的百年回溯與展望", 西华大学学报, 40(4), pp.14~20 (2021)
- 范晓蕾, "基于汉语方言的惯常范畴研究", 当代语言学, 19(4), pp.561~590 (2017)
- 付习涛, "关于构式“有+VP”", 中国地质大学学报(社会科学版), (5), pp.97~108 (2006)
- 郭中, "肯定副词“有”及其问答功能", 求索, (11), pp.122~124 (2012)
- 刘利, "古汉语“有”结构中“有”的表体功能", 徐州师范大学学报, (4), pp.66~68 (1997)
- 李晶晶, "现代汉语“有”字句的多视角研究", 博士, pp.2017
- 石毓智, "汉语的领有动词和完成体的表达", 语言研究, (2), pp.34~42 (2004)
- 孙琴, "对话中的“有+VP”", 南京师范大学文学院学报, (3), pp.162~166 (2003)
- 宋金兰, "“有”字句新探——“有”的体助词用法", 青海师专学报, (2), pp.33~37 (1994)
- 吴春相, "领有动词與完成体表达的类型学研究", 语言研究集刊, (3), pp.145~160 (2018)
- 王冬梅, "从“是”和“的”、“有”和“了”看肯定和叙述", 中国语文, (1), pp.22~34 (2014)
- 王士元, "现代汉语中的两個体标记", 国外语言学, (1), pp.25~33 (1990)
- 邢福义, "“有没有VP”疑问句式", 华中师范大学学报(哲社版)』, (1), pp.82~87 (1990)
- 袁毓林, "“有”字句的情景语义分析", 世界汉语教学, (3), pp.291~307 (2009)
- 袁毓林, "汉语反事实表达及其思维特点", 中国社会科学, (8), pp.126~145 (2015)
- 张亮, "“有X”的功能演化及相关现象专题研究", 博士, pp.2017
- 张雪平, "现代汉语假设句的分类系统", 渤海大学学报, (5), pp.92~96 (2017)
- 邹海清, "现代汉语惯常体概念的表现形式初探", 连云港师范高等专科学校学报, (2), pp.39~41 (2012)
- Huang, C-.T. James, "The Representation of (In)definiteness", pp.226~253 (1987), The MIT Press
- Li, C. N, "표준중국어문법" (2015), 한울아카데미
- Sun, Chaofen, "Word-order change and grammaticalization in the history of Chinese" (1996), Stanford University Press
- Roese, N. J., "The functional basis of counterfactual thinking", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(5), pp.805~818 (1994)
- Xiao, Richard, "Aspect in Mandarin Chinese" (2004), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Reichenbach, H., "Elements of symbolic logic" (1947), Macmillan