漢語學習者的漢語句子焦點位置的聽覺區分
Chinese Learners’ Perception of Focus Positions in Chinese Sentences
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초록
对于理解会话中的上下文意义来说，重要的不仅是音段特征，还有超音段特征，如句子的焦点的语音特征或韵律等。其中，焦点感知在交际中起着重要作用。然而，对汉语第二语言学习者如何感知焦点的研情况尚未充分地研究出来了。本研究旨在探讨听者的母语如何影响他们感知和辨别汉语句子里面的焦点位置的能力。本研究要求母语为汉语和韩国语的汉语学习者在 10 个不同的句子中找出焦点位置。一个句子由三个词（五个音节）组成。我们观察到，有焦点的成分的音长跟没有焦点的时候相比，就变得更长而音高也时如此，变得更高。就主语焦点和谓语（动词）焦点而言，母语为汉语的学习者和韩国学习者都能清楚地区分焦点位置。但是，他们两个集团对广义焦点位置和宾语焦点位置的判断有所不同。韩国学习者对 F0 敏感，更容易选择正确的宾语焦点位置，而母语为汉语的学习者则难以感知宾语焦点位置。研究发现，听者因母语的不同就表现出不同的焦点感知能力。
Abstract
What is important in understanding the context of meaning in the entire conversation is the understanding of the overall sound such which includes focus or prosody of the whole sentence not a single utterance of a very partial vowel, consonant, or tone. In particular, 'focus perception' is very important to understand what is important in the context, however learner research on 'focus perception' is insufficient. Even in the same sentence, physical sound information such as the strength or sound length of the speech sound may vary depending on what semantic importance is expressed psychologically. The purpose of the present study was to examine how listeners' native language affected the ability of distinguish the focus placement in Chinese. Native Chinese and Korean Chinese learners judged focus placement in 10 different sentence. One sentence consists of 3 words(5 syllables). The tone of the each syllables are Tone1. It is observed it there are focus at the specific position such as Subject, Verb and Obeject, the components which carry focus have longer durations and higher pitch. Chinese natives and Korean learners can distinct the focus position clearly. However, thogh it is also observed the components carrying information focus at the sentence final position exhibit longer durations and higher pitch than the other part of the sentence, Korean learners and Chinese natives judged differently about the focus position of broad focus. Unlike Korean learners thought that there are focus at the final syllable, more Chinese natives thought that there are no focus in broad focus sentence.
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