중화민국 시기 향촌건설운동의 제 양상과 현재적 의미 ― 梁漱溟을 중심으로

Abstract

The movement to Rural Reconstruction in modern China dates back to the late Qing dynasty. It began in 1904 in Ding County, Hebei Province, in the form of a “public-private partnership,” and by the 1920s, the movement had grown to include more than 600 organizations and 1,000 experimental districts across the country. Leading figures in the movement during this period included Yan yang-chu, Liang Shu-ming, Lu Zuo-fu, Tao Xing-zhi, and Huang Yan-fei. The movement, which began under the banner of “village autonomy” and “plebeianization” was effectively undermined by the warlords’ dispossession of the villages in the 1920s, the plundering of the villages by urban commercial capital, and the collapse of the paper money economy introduced in the aftermath of the Great Depression. The movement to build villages during the Republic of China was situated in this internal and external environment. Their problems and practical limitations are overcome by their continuation in the Communist- occupied areas. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of their concerns and practices and to explore their possible connections to the “three agriculture” problem in 21 st century China.