Inhibitory Effects of Brown Algae Extracts on Histamine Production in Mackerel Muscle via Inhibition of Growth and Histidine
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This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of brown algae extracts onhistamine production in mackerel muscle. First, antimicrobial activities of brown algaeextracts against Morganella morganii were investigated using a disk diffusion method. Anethanol extract of Ecklonia cava (ECEE) exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. The minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) of ECEE was 2 mg/ml. Furthermore, the brown algae extractswere examined for their ability to inhibit crude histidine decarboxylase (HDC) of M. morganii. The ethanol extract of Eisenia bicyclis (EBEE) and ECEE exhibited significant inhibitoryactivities (19.82% and 33.79%, respectively) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. To obtain thephlorotannin dieckol, ECEE and EBEE were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction, silica gelcolumn chromatography, and HPLC. Dieckol exhibited substantial inhibitory activity with anIC50 value of 0.61 mg/ml, and exhibited competitive inhibition. These extracts were also testedon mackerel muscle. The viable cell counts and histamine production in mackerel muscleinoculated with M. morganii treated with ≥2.5 MIC of ECEE (weight basis) were highlyinhibited compared with the untreated sample. Furthermore, treatment of crude HDCinoculatedmackerel muscle with 0.5% ECEE and 0.5% EBEE (weight basis), which exhibitedexcellent inhibitory activities against crude HDC, reduced the overall histamine production by46.29% and 56.89%, respectively, compared with the untreated sample. Thus, these inhibitoryeffects of ECEE and EBEE should be helpful in enhancing the safety of mackerel bysuppressing histamine production in this fish species.
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of brown algae extracts onhistamine production in mackerel muscle. First, antimicrobial activities of brown algaeextracts against Morganella morganii were investigated using a disk diffusion method. Anethanol extract of Ecklonia cava (ECEE) exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. The minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) of ECEE was 2 mg/ml. Furthermore, the brown algae extractswere examined for their ability to inhibit crude histidine decarboxylase (HDC) of M. morganii. The ethanol extract of Eisenia bicyclis (EBEE) and ECEE exhibited significant inhibitoryactivities (19.82% and 33.79%, respectively) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. To obtain thephlorotannin dieckol, ECEE and EBEE were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction, silica gelcolumn chromatography, and HPLC. Dieckol exhibited substantial inhibitory activity with anIC50 value of 0.61 mg/ml, and exhibited competitive inhibition. These extracts were also testedon mackerel muscle. The viable cell counts and histamine production in mackerel muscleinoculated with M. morganii treated with ≥2.5 MIC of ECEE (weight basis) were highlyinhibited compared with the untreated sample. Furthermore, treatment of crude HDCinoculatedmackerel muscle with 0.5% ECEE and 0.5% EBEE (weight basis), which exhibitedexcellent inhibitory activities against crude HDC, reduced the overall histamine production by46.29% and 56.89%, respectively, compared with the untreated sample. Thus, these inhibitoryeffects of ECEE and EBEE should be helpful in enhancing the safety of mackerel bysuppressing histamine production in this fish species.
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