이분법적 인식론의 극복은 가능한가? ― ‘80년대 인식론’에 대한 비판적 독해

Abstract

In general, the 80's China is stipulated as “the period of consensus”, and that “consensus” means Westernize mainly understood as process of capitalism. After the Cultural Revolution, China have to overcome the scar that Cultural Revolution brought about, which may be the result of Marxism ― Leninism itself, but the overcoming process is not simple one. To overcome, or as the Chinese intellectuals often had used, to “criticize the feudal” (fansi fengjian) is the total changes of world view. In the period of “socialism”, PRC(People's Republic of China)'s official ideology is Marxism ― Leninism (including Maoism), and “the official ideology” means that Marxism ― Leninism is the only official ideology, another ideologies were prohibited. But the outburst of Cultural Revolution itself proved orthodox Marxism, or at least such kind of attitude, cannot solve every problem, so what the end of Cultural Revolution shows should be understood as the impossibility of total solution of human problem, especially such like “alienation”. From this kind of view, what can be assumed is, after Cultural Revolution, all changes of world view cannot but include some modification of official ideology, Marxism ― Leninism. On these assumptions, we can suppose that the cultural turn of 80's China is very complicated, so the method of researching 80's China must be also more sophisticated. But till these days, the evaluation about 80's China's currents of thought of Chinese intellectuals is somehow simple. For example, Wang Hui in his article, “the situation of contemporary China's thought and its problem of modernity”, he viewed the currents of 80's China as the process of modernization. According to Wang's view, in the whole process of 80's China, there was only one current, modernization which means Westernization(xihua). In He Guimei's view too, the main current in 80's China is understood as modernization, including “culture fever(wenhuare)”, “searching roots fever(xungenre)” and so on, most parts of 80's China's intellectual thoughts is evaluated in the frame of modernization. In their views, socialism period and the New Period(xinshiqi) are totally separated, there is only discontinuity between them. This article against this kind of view point, tries to find out and reread the intellectual discourses in 80's China. In the 80's intellectual discourses, the most important issue is the relationship between tradition(chuantong) and modern(xiandai). For the leading intellectuals in 80's China, Li Zehou and Gan Yang etc., the most important issue for China in post-Mao era is how to handle or settle the identity of China. They tried to overcome the crack which is existing between social period and the New Period, find out the new possibility of China as nation-state. For describing those issues more concretely, we have to enter into the inner logics of intellectual discourses, read out both continuity and discontinuity in the 80's China's intellectual discourses.