소비니즈 구분에 따른 정성적 조사기법
Qualitative Research Methods based on a Classification of Consumer Needs
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초록
본 연구는 소비니즈 분류의 틀을 제시하고 니즈유형별로 적합한 정성적 조사기법을 소개하는데 그 목적이 있다. 먼저 소비니즈를 표면니즈, 행위니즈, 잠재니즈로 구분하였다. 즉, 소비자 자신이 원하는 바를 스스로 인지하고 언어로 쉽게 표현할 수 있는 표면니즈, 말로는 표현하기 어려우나 행동에서는 무의식적으로 나타나는 행위니즈, 무의식중에 숨겨져 있어 소비자 스스로도 인지하지 못할 뿐 아니라 관찰로도 파악하기 어려운 추상적인 잠재니즈로 구분하여 니즈에 대한 체계적인 접근방법을 제안하였다. 또한 소비니즈 유형별로 ZMET(Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique), 래더링(Laddering), 민족학적 참여관찰, 전문가 모니터링, 초점집단면접 등이 실제로 어떻게 활용되고 있는지, 유의할 점은 어떤 것이 있는 지, 최근의 동향 등을 정리하였다. 마지막으로 국내 가구시장의 소비니즈 연구를 통해 현실적인 경영환경에서의 다양한 정성적 조사기법 활용 사례를 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to explore a scheme of qualitative marketing research methods to reveal customer needs, especially customers' hidden needs. First of all, the researchers divide customer needs into three categories: ‘surface needs' that customers cognize and are able to phrase definitely, 'behavioral needs' that are expressed not verbally but in customers' behaviors in their everyday living contexts, ’latent needs' that are abstract and hidden in customers' unconsciousness. Then several remarkable qualitative research methods, including ZMET(Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique), laddering, ethnographic method, and so on, to reveal each type of customer needs are explained with practical examples of global leading companies. Finally, the researchers utilize a combination of such qualitative methods to understand the three levels of customer needs in Korean household furniture market.
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