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소비자 집단 인터뷰에서 의미 네트워크 응집 구조의 이해

Understanding the Semantic Network Structure in the Consumer Group Interview with the Subnetwork Analysis

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

기존의 정성적 연구는 응답자들의 발화 내용 중 특징적 반응들을 취합, 해석하는 방식으로 분석을 진행하여 연구자의 주관에 의해 해석되는 오류가 발생할 우려가 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 내용 분석이나 LIWC 를 활용하는 방법 등이 제안되었으나 이들 분석 방법도 정성적 연구의 한계를 충분히 극복하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 정성적 연구방법들에 대한 대안으로 의미 네트워크 분석을 제안한다. 의미 네트워크 분석은 인간의 인지구조 내의 개념이 기호화되어 표출되는 단어를 노드로 정의하고 이 단어들간의관계를 분석함으로써 정성적 데이터에 대한 해석을 시도하는 방법론이다. 한 네트워크는 여러 개의 하위네트워크로구성되며 이는 인간의 인지구조 내에서 유사한 개념끼리 범주화된 것이 표출되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한 언어는집단 내 구성원과의 상호작용을 통해 공유 가능한 공통의 의미를 갖게 되므로 집단 내에서 발화되는 언어는 집단구성원의 의견을 대표할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 집단 내 발화 내용에 대한 하위네트워크는 하나의 주제와 관련된발화에서 사용된 단어들의 집합으로 볼 수 있으며 이에 대한 해석을 통해 전체 네트워크, 즉 전체 발화 내용에 대한 이해를 도모할 수 있을 것이다. 의미 네트워크 분석은 정성적 데이터 내에 의미있는 키워드를 추출하고, 추출된 키워드들이 한 문장 내에서 동시에 출현한 빈도를 산출하여 이를 통해 네트워크 분석을 실시하는 과정을 거친다. 따라서 의미 네트워크 분석은 정성적 데이터가 내포하고 있는 여러 주제에 대해 구조적으로 접근할 수 있으며 이 과정에서 연구자의 주관이 개입할우려가 상대적으로 적다는 장점이 있다. 또한 대규모 정성적 데이터에 대한 분석시에도 유용한 툴이 될 것으로 기대한다. 본 연구에서는 의미 네트워크 분석의 접근 방법에 대해 이론적으로 검토하고 분석 과정에 대해 구체적으로 소개하였으며 이에 따른 분석의 적용 사례를 제시하였다

Abstract

Researchers have performed the qualitative studies utilizing consumer group interviews to reveal consumers’s responses in depth. In general, most of the qualitative studies have analyzed by researchers' examination every aspect of participants’ opinions and interpretation of the distinctive responses. There is concern in this approach that the results may have validity issues, because it is difficult for researcher to keep objective viewpoint. Some studies suggest an alternative methodology like content analysis and LIWC, but these approaches still remain unsolved subjectivity issues. First, content analysis has some disadvantages. Coders encode the qualitative data so the researcher could analyze in the further analysis in a rather quantitative ways. But it is possible that the encoded data may contain the coders' subjectivity according to the coders’ understanding of coding schemes. And sometimes the coding scheme implies the researcher’s hypothesis implicitly. Second, LIWC is a kind of text analysis software program which is designed to calculate the degree people use different categories of words across a wide array of texts. It categorizes about 3,000 words into 72 categories. LIWC helps researchers understand the qualitative data more objectively in some degree. Nevertheless it has limit to interpret the words beyond the pre-defined ones designated in the categories. This research proposes a semantic network analysis as an alternative method for the existing qualitative methodologies. The purpose of network analysis is to investigate the relation between linked nodes. If it is applied to the relationship between shared meanings in linguistic communications, then it represents semantic network. In this case, a word becomes a node and a cooccurrance of two words in a sentence becomes a link. Linked nodes are the basic element of semantic network. Semantic network analysis uses words which are included in a qualitative data, and does not exclude any of them by the subjective judgement basis. Thus it can overcome validity issues previously associated with content analysis and LIWC. Semantic network analysis is relatively less likely to be reflected the subjective viewpoint of the researcher and gives us a chance to find out inherent contents structure of qualitative data. Semantic network analysis produces several network indexes which reflect the characteristics of network or node of interest such as density and degree centrality. Network density is calculated the number of connected links in a network compared to the number of possible links. High density implies that people are very interested in the topic in the qualitative data, because very dense network is resulted from highly related topics and keywords in the context of the semantic network. Degree centrality is the number of nodes directly connected to an individual node. A word with a high degree centrality is able to activate many other words, thus it functions as a keyword within the semantic cluster. In this study, we try to make the theoretical background of semantic network analysis base on the existing theories of cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, and sociolinguistics. A word which conveys a concept in individual cognitive structure is represented as a node in a semantic network analysis, and researchers may interpret the relation between linked words. One semantic network is composed of several subnetworks which imply the cohesive group of similar concepts within cognitive structure. Moreover language has common meaning between individuals who are belonging to the same social groups through interaction of group members. Therefore we can interpret the subnetwork of semantic network in the group interview as the clique of words which are about one topic. As a result, we can understand the entire semantic network contents structure through interpreting subnetworks. Subnetwork also can be represented by the indices such as density and degree centrality. The process of semantic network analysis is as follows. First, meaningful keywords are extracted from an entire qualitative data. Second, cooccurrance frequency of keywords within one sentence is calculated. Finally, the network analysis is performed, then subnetwork and the network indexes of each subnetwork like density and degree centrality are extracted. The exemplary analysis is shown using consumer group interview data regarding the internet shopping values. The managerial implication and the future research directions are discussed

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