금융교육과 금융거래경험이 대학생의 금융이해력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on the Effects of Financial Education and Financial Experiences on the Financial Literacy of Undergraduate Students
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초록
오늘날 금융시장이 복잡다양해지면서 투자와 재무의사결정 시 금융소비자의 능력이 매우 중요해졌다. 또한 다양한 신종 금융상품의 등장으로 금융시장에서 판매되는 금융상품에 대해 일반소비자가 제대로 이해하기가 어려워짐에따라 금융소비자의 투자와 재무의사결정을 향상시킬 수 있는 금융교육과 금융이해력에 대한 연구의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 라이프사이클에서 재정적인 독립을 하게 되는 성인기에 진입하기 전 단계에 속한 대학생의금융이해력에 미치는 영향요인은 무엇인지를 측정하고 금융이해력을 향상시키는 데에 어떤 활동이 도움이 되는 지를 밝혀 향후 가계의 재무의사결정을 올바르게 할 수 있도록 금융역량을 증진시키고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구결과, 대학유형이 금융이해력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났고, 그 다음으로 대학이 위치한 지역,통장거래경험, 현금/체크카드 사용경험, 학년, 금융관련수강과목 수, 전공, 부모학력인지 순으로 금융이해력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 학교에서의 금융교육과 실제 금융거래경험이 이 대학생의 금융이해력 수준을 향상시키는데 효과적이라는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 학교에서 금융교육의 효과를 크게 얻기 위해서는 금융관련 수업을 필수과목으로 지정할 필요가 있으며, 또한 실습과 현장학습 등을 통해 직접 통장거래와 현금/체크카드사용 및 다양한 금융거래를 할 수 있도록 교육 방법의 다양화가 필요할 것이다. 특히 부모의 학력이나 월소득 등을정확하게 알지 못하는 재무관리에 무관심한 학생들을 위해서는 시각적 효과와 흥미있는 수업자료, 게임 등을 통해금융지식을 습득할 수 있도록 하는 방법이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 우리나라 대학생들의 금융역량 강화와 금융이해력 증진을 위해 어떠한 부분이 필요한 지,그리고 금융이해력에 영향을 미치는 우선적 요인을 밝혀 향후 금융소비자교육의 방향을 설정하고 정책적 함의를 제공하기 위한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze how undergraduate students’ financial literacy levels differ according to socio-demographics, financial education, and financial experience variables and how these variables affect their financial literacy, and to examine each relevant variable’s relative influence. An ANOVA, a Chi-squre test and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out with socio-demographics, financial educations, and financial experiences as independent variables in order to understand factors that affect undergraduate students’financial literacy levels and examines their relative influences. In the first stage, the financial literacy was explained to the extent of 6% by Model 1’s sociodemographic variables (p<.001) and it was statistically significant. In other words, males’financial literacy was better than females’. Moreover, the closer to a metropolitan area a student’s university was located and the greater the amount of pocket money the student was given, the better the student’s financial literacy. The financial education variables input in the second stage increased the overall explanatory power by 20%, with the total explanatory power at 26% (p<.001), which was statistically significant. A student’s financial literacy was better when a student attended a four-year university rather than a two-year college, was in a higher year, attended a business school, and had taken a large number of financial courses. In the third stage, inputting financial experiences as a variable increased Model 3’s explanatory power by 3%; as a result, 29% (p<.001) was explained and was statistically significant. Regarding financial experiences, those with an account, or cash or check card transaction experiences were better in financial literacy. To put together the above results and consider relative influences of the variables that affect students’ financial literacy, the type of university most strongly affected it, followed by the college location, experience of account transactions, experience of cash and check card use, school year, the number of financial courses taken, major, and knowledge of their parents’ educational backgrounds. The study results show that financial education in school and actual financial experiences are effective in improving undergraduate students’ financial literacy. Therefore, in order to maximize financial education’s effects, financial classes should be required courses and the education should be complemented by diverse methods, thereby enabling students to make various financial transactions such as account and cash or check card transactions through experiential learning. In particular, interesting material with visual effects and games should be provided in class so that those who are uninterested in financial management and who do not know their parents’ educational backgrounds and monthly incomes obtain financial knowledge.
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