친환경 행동의도 및 친환경 소비의도에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 탐색적 연구: 규범과 동기를 중심으로
Determinants of Pro-environmental Behavior and Environmental Consumerism: Focusing on Norm and Motivation
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초록
본 연구는 친환경 행동의도 및 친환경 소비의도에 대한 규범과 동기의 영향력을 살펴보았다. 규범은 개인의 행동이 타인의 평가에 영향을 받는 주관적 규범과 개인의 내면화된 가치로부터 영향을 받는 도덕적 규범으로 구분하였다. 2가지 유형의 규범과 친환경 행동의도 사이의 관련성을 분석한 결과 주관적 규범과 도덕적 규범은 친환경 행동의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 도덕적 규범이 주관적 규범보다 더 설명력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 환경에 대한 지각된 위험이 개인의 도덕적 규범과 친환경 행동의도 사이에서 매개적 역할을 하는 것이 발견되었다. 동기는 외재적 동기와 내재적 동기로 구분하여 각각의 동기가 친환경 관련 행동의도와 어떠한 관련성이 있는가를 살펴보았는데, 외재적 동기는 친환경 관련 행동의도를 설명하는 예측변인으로서 유의하지 않고, 내재적 동기는 친환경 행동의도 및 친환경 소비의도와 의미 있는 관련성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 최종 모형으로서 외재적 동기를 제외하고 내재적 동기, 주관적 규범, 도덕적 규범이 친환경 관련 행동의도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 주관적 규범의 영향력이 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 친환경 관련 행동의도는 타인의 시선이나 평가 혹은 보상이나 처벌과 같은 외부의 영향력보다는 개인 내면의 도덕적 가치와 심리적 만족감에 의해서 유발된다는 것을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
This study explored the influence of norms and motivations on pro-environmental behavior and environmental consumerism. Norms were divided into subjective norm and moral norm. The subjective norm is an individual's perception of whether people important to the individual think pro-environmental behavior should be performed, on the other hand the moral norm means individual's internalized value about environment. In research question 1, we investigated the relationship between two types of norms and pro- environmental behavior in causal modeling approach. The result showed that the moral norm had more positive influence on pro-environmental behavior than the subjective norm. In research question 2, we investigated the relationship between motivation and pro-environmental behavior. Motivation was divided into implicit and explicit motivation. The result showed that the explicit motivation had no effect on pro-environmental behavior, but the implicit motivation was effective. In research question 3, we analyzed a model integrating variables used in research question 1 and 2 excluding the explicit motivation. The result showed that the relative influence of subjective norm decreased in comparison with moral norm and implicit motivation. This study give an implication that pro-environmental behavior is affected by an individual's internalized value and psychological satisfaction of environmental protection.
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