패션기업의 자선적 책임에 대한 선의지각이 구매의도에 미치는 영향 - 호혜지각의 매개효과, 윤리적 소비주의의 조절효과를 중심으로 -
The Effect of Benevolence Perception of Fashion Companies’ Philanthropic Responsibility on Purchase Intention: The Mediating Effect of Reciprocity Perception and the Moderating Effect of Ethical Consumerism
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기업의 사회적 책임 유형 중 하나로 자선적 책임을 들 수 있다. 본 연구는 기업의 자선적 책임 활동에 대해 소비자가 어떻게 반응하며 그 반응이 소비자의 기업에 대한 태도, 구매의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 자선적 책임에는 순수하게 기업의 이익을 함께 나눈다는 의미도 있지만 자선적 책임을 통해 기업이 원하는 것을 얻고자 하는 의도가 포함되어있기도 하다. 이는 소비자들이 기업의 자선적 책임을 순수한 선의로 인지하기도 하지만 기업이 뭔가 의도를 가지고 실행하는 계산적인 행위로 인지할 수도 있는 가능성을 의미한다. 따라서 소비자가 기업의 자선적 책임을 어떤 행위로 지각하느냐에 따라 기업과 자선적 책임에 대한 태도가 달라지고 이는 결국 구매의도에도 영향을 미칠 것이다. 본 연구는 소비자가 자선적 책임을 기업의 순수한 선의로 혹은 기업의 전략적 의도가 포함된 행위로 지각했는지의 여부가 그 기업이 제공하는 제품을 구매하고자 하는 의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하고자 하였으며, 더불어 호혜지각의 매개효과에 대하여 주목하였다. 가상의 패션 기업의 자선적 책임 활동을 문서화된 자극물로 제작하여 남녀 326명의 소비자를 대상으로 양적 연구를 실시하였다. 소비자가 패션 기업의 자선적 책임 행위를 기업의 순수한 선의로 지각한 경우인 이타적 선의지각과 기업의 전략적 의도가 포함된 행위로 지각한 상호적 선의지각이 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, 이타적 선의와 상호적 선의는 구매의도에 직접적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이타적 선의는 상호적 선의보다 구매의도에 매우 강하게 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고 호혜지각을 통한 간접경로도 직접경로와 비슷한 정도로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 상호적 선의는 호혜지각의 매개를 통한 간접경로는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났는데 이는 소비자가 기업의 자선적 책임에서 상호적 선의를 인지하는지 여부는 호혜지각과 상관이 없으며, 호혜지각을 통해 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 없다는 것을 의미한다. 기업의 자선적 책임 행위가 상호적 선의로 인지되어 자선적 책임 행위의 긍정적 효과가 약화되는 현상에는 소비자의 윤리적 소비주의 변인이 조절함을 밝혔다. 다중집단분석 결과, 윤리적 소비주의가 높은 소비자의 경우, 상호적 선의가 호혜지각을 거쳐 구매의도에 미치는 경로가 유의하게 나타났다. 이는 윤리적 소비자들이 더욱 기업의 자선적 책임에 수용적인 태도를 가지고 상호적 선의로 인지했을지라도 기업에 대해 호혜의 감정을 느끼고 구매의도를 증가시킴을 의미한다. 이 연구는 패션산업에 국한되어 진행된 연구이므로 전 산업분야로 일반화 하기는 어렵다. 따라서 다양한 분야의 산업으로 연구의 범위를 넓혀야 할 것이다. 이 연구의 결과에 의하면 기업의 자선적 책임을 통해 소비자들에게 호혜성을 인지하도록 하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 호혜성을 인지하게 하는 다른 변수에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 또한 본 연구에서 다룬 호혜지각 외 다른 매개변수에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
One of the social responsibilities of companies is its philanthropic responsibility. This study is an investigation into how consumers respond to companies’ philanthropic enterprises, and how their reactions affect their purchase intention. Philanthropic responsibility of a company means that the company shares its economic profits, but it also means that the company wants to gain something else it wants. Hence, although consumers can take their philanthropic enterprises as on pure, non-profit seeking grounds, there remains the possibility that the consumers can be aware of the companies’ enterprises as being based on calculated intentions. Therefore, depending on how the consumers perceive the intentions of the companies CSR, altruistic vs. mutualistic, their attitudes toward such companies may change along with their purchase intentions. This study examines the effect of benevolence perception of fashion company’s philanthropic CSR by consumers on purchase intention with a focus on the mediating effect of reciprocity perception. A survey questionnaire with a text stimuli on the philanthropic CSR activity of a hypothetical fashion company was produced for survey with 326 consumers. As a result, we found out that, both types of benevolence perception directly influenced purchase intention. Altruistic benevolence affected their consumers’ purchase intention more strongly, and the indirect effect with the mediation of reciprocity perception on purchase intention was also effective just as much as the direct effect. In the case of mutualistic benevolence, however, the indirect effect through the reciprocity perception was found to be insignificant. This implies that there is no relationship between reciprocity perception and the consumers’ understanding of a company’s philanthropic responsibility as mutualistic. However, this study found out that the consumers’ ethical consumerism moderates the attenuating effect of mutualistic benevolence on reciprocity perception. As a result of multiple-group comparison, in the case of a consumer with high ethical consumerism tendency, the indirect effect of mutualistic benevolence affecting purchase intention through the reciprocity perception became evident. This signifies that even if the ethical consumers had recognized the companies’ philanthropic enterprises as mutualistic benevolence, their purchase intentions grew as a result of reciprocal perception. This study is limited to fashion companies, and so its results cannot be generalized to apply to all industrial areas. Considering the importance of reciprocity perception, research on potential factors affecting reciprocity perception needs to be investigated further. Lastly, other mediating variables other than reciprocity perception is also necessary to be studied.
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