소비자의 재무계산능력과 위험수용성향의 관계 분석
Analysis of the Relationship between Financial Numeracy and Risk Tolerance
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재무계산능력은 소비자재무 분야의 사전지식을 기반으로 금융생활과 관련된 숫자 정보를 취득, 이해, 처리하는 과정과 관련된 소비자의 인지능력으로, 금융소비자역량을 구성하는 주요 요소라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 국내의 선행연구에서는 우리나라 소비자의 재무계산능력을 파악하고 재무계산능력과 관련된 요인을 살펴본 연구가 많지 않다. 또한 외국의 선행연구에서는 재무계산능력과 위험수용성향이 관련이 있다는 다양한 연구가 수행되었는데 우리나라 성인소비자를 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 수행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국소비자원이 2015년 6월 실시한 ‘소비자피해조사’자료 995부를 활용하여 우리나라 성인 소비자의 재무계산 능력 실태를 파악하고 재무계산능력과 위험수용성향사이의 관계를 연구하였다. 본 연구의 주된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 성인 소비자의 재무계산능력은 본 연구의 측정도구가 사용되었던 영국, 미국과 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 재무계산능력은 남성이 여성보다 높았으며, 소득이 높은 경우와 교육수준이 높은 경우 더 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 본 연구는 재무계산능력과 위험수용성향에 대한 정적 관계를 부분적으로 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 본 연구에서는 위험수용성향에 영향을 미치는 변수로 성별 및 소득수준에 대하여 선행연구의 일반적인 경향을 지지하는 결과를 얻었다. 성별에 따라서는 남성의 경우 여성에 비해 위험을 선택할 확률이 높았다. 하지만 위험을 선택하지 않으려는 집단과 비교할 때, 최소한의 위험을 선택하는 집단이 될 확률에 재무계산능력을 통제한 상황에서 성별은 유의미한 변수로 작용하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 선행연구를 일부 지지하는 결과를 보이나 보다 정교한 위험수용성향측정도구를 활용한 후속연구가 요구된다.
Abstract
Financial numeracy as a component of consumer's financial competency can play an important role in consumer's financial decision making. However not many research has examined financial numeracy levels and its related factors for Korean adults consumers. In addition, previous research in US and European countries has explored the relationship between financial numeracy and risk tolerance but very limited research has conducted on this topic in Korea. In this research we tried to examine the financial numeracy levels and its related factors for Korean consumers and explored the relationship between financial numeracy and risk tolerance. To answer these research questions, the Korea Consumer Agency(KCA)'s 2015 Consumer Detriment Survey was analyzed. It was found that the levels of Korean adults' financial numeracy were very similar to that of US and England. Financial numeracy was positively related with gender (male), income, and education. We have found a partial relationship between financial numeracy and risk tolerance. For lower levels of risk tolerance, financial numeracy could be a significant factor that distinguish consumers' risk tolerance levels. We also found relationships between gender, income and risk tolerance which were supportive for previous literature. However, for lower levels of risk tolerance, when controlling for financial numeracy, gender may not be a significant factor. Further research with different measurement of risk tolerance is recommended. Implications for financial education and practice were discussed.
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