반면교사로서의 유럽 - 량치차오(梁啓超)의 ＂구유심영록(歐游心影錄)＂에 대한 일고찰

Abstract

Ouyouxinyinglu(歐游心影錄節錄) marks a turning point in Liang Qichao(梁啓超)'s life as a thinker. On the one hand, through the two times of political failures(Bianfa Weixin and Xinhai Geming), he needed a complete reconsideration of nation-building; on the other hand, the burst of World WarⅠ and the spread of social revolution made him reexamine modern civilization of West of which he had followed the pattern for modernization for China. In the concrete, Liang Qichao tried to figure out some important problems : first, he was to investigate the remote and immediate causes of World WarⅠ. In the course of this, he analysed the 'democracy' and 'science' which have stood for the modern western world. Second, he was interested in the future of newborn nation-states of the Balkan Peninsula. He expressed his sympathy for those new countries, but at the same time, he concerned that they could become the seed of discord of future world. Third, he needed to establish an angle of view of social revolution which was disseminated throughout the world directly after the war. Forth, he focused on where to find out a prospects of civilization, while all the conflicts between nations, races, classes go to extremes. In conclusion, his key concern in Ouyouxinyinglu was to find out a way of nation-building without statism. In order to avoid a precedent failure of west, racial conflict and class conflict, he had to not only think about building a modern nation, but also ponder upon an supernational principle which could control over the brutality of modern nation. It was in the The Grand Unity Thought that he searched for this supernational principle. And to form out this principle, he excavated and reconstruct a "collective leadership system of feudal lords(方伯集團的政治)" in Chunqiuzhanguo Shidai(春秋戰國時代). Thus, he suggested "Cosmopolitan Nation", an antinomic coexistence of both nation and cosmopolitanism as a course China should take.