胡適의 문학론에서 개인의 존재적 의미와 글쓰기

Abstract

In the modern times of the west the bourgeoisie produced public sphere that their own agendas could be discussed in and gained political power which could realize these agendas and protect their rights. That is, the general public expanded from this class in the modern times acquired rights in both political and social aspects. Based on these rights they as conspirators built despotism and suppressed the Other whom they created and excluded by mutual agreement. Under this condition, the individual that Ibsen and Nietzsche mentioned resists morals and social custom that the general public as a nation built by mutual consent. But the condition of China was different. A nation who can build public morality by mutual consent had never existed, and political system which can produce a nation and a nation can participated in had not existed either. So in the end of Qing(淸) dynasty and the beginning of ROC(中華民國) China needed individual as a nation who produce morals and custom, namely, new culture by social consent. Hu Shi(胡適) tried to realize objects of these period mentioned above through improving language of literature (vernacular) and narrative structure. So-called ‘something(物)' out of “there is something in what he said(言之有物)” makes being present in the world. “Something” has two aspects of human being, that is emotion and thought. These two things are results from human being's response against the eternal world. In fact, literature or writing essentially seeks for the truth which says ‘presence' and ‘absent' simultaneously is inherent in being. But literature which Hu Shi called focused on one side of being responding against the eternal world. The language of literature represents emotion and thought of human being who present in the world and narrative structure of novels describes fragmentary incident in the world. These things are just related with real existence. We can't consider ‘absence' in this literature and writings. From Hu's view, modern literature and writings in China should accord with objects of this period which prove that being real exists in the world.