On-farm Tree Planting and Management Guidelines for Medium to High Potential Areas of Kenya
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This review paper presents guidelines which stakeholders use in addressing on-farm tree planting configuration, establishment, tending, silvi- cultural management, management of pests and diseases, challenges and opportunities as practiced in the medium to high potential areas of Kenya. The tree planting configurations discussed includes blocks planting (woodlot), boundary, compound planting, home/fruit gardens, trees intercropped or mixed with pasture, trees on riverbanks and roadside. Participatory monitoring and evaluation techniques have been highlighted. The main challenges facing tree planting activities include culture and attitude of local people, land and tree tenure, inadequate technical support, lack of recognition and integration of technical information and indigenous knowledge, capital and labour shortages, lack of appropriate incentives measures, damage by domestic and wild animals, conflict over trees on the boundary and policy and legal issues. This guideline targets forest managers, extension agents, students and other practitioners in policy and day to day decision making processes in Kenya.
Abstract
This review paper presents guidelines which stakeholders use in addressing on-farm tree planting configuration, establishment, tending, silvi- cultural management, management of pests and diseases, challenges and opportunities as practiced in the medium to high potential areas of Kenya. The tree planting configurations discussed includes blocks planting (woodlot), boundary, compound planting, home/fruit gardens, trees intercropped or mixed with pasture, trees on riverbanks and roadside. Participatory monitoring and evaluation techniques have been highlighted. The main challenges facing tree planting activities include culture and attitude of local people, land and tree tenure, inadequate technical support, lack of recognition and integration of technical information and indigenous knowledge, capital and labour shortages, lack of appropriate incentives measures, damage by domestic and wild animals, conflict over trees on the boundary and policy and legal issues. This guideline targets forest managers, extension agents, students and other practitioners in policy and day to day decision making processes in Kenya.
참고문헌 (22)
- Socio-economic techniques for farm forestry extension, "Emerton E", Forestry Extension Services Division, ~ (1996)
- Food and Agricultural Organisation, "Women in community forestry: a field guide for project design and implementation" (1989), FAO
- Fruit tree nurseries, "Gachanja SP", Ministry of Agriculture - Soil and Water Conservation Branch, ~ (1990)
- Getahun A, "A field guide" (1988), Agroforestry in Kenya
- Kima FA, "Agroforestry field manual: On-farm tree propagation methods" (1994), ETC. Kenya Consultants B.V. Nairobi
- Kimwe S, "Planting sites and configuration" (1994), Agroforestry field manual – KWAP
- Kimwe S, "Agroforestry field manual: Management and use of agroforestry trees" (1994), ETC. Kenya Consultants BV. Nairobi
- Planting sites configurations and tree management in high potential areas in Kenya, "Kimwe S.", ETC Consultants B.V. Nairobi, ~ (1993)
- Nursery management manual. Soil Conservation Extension Unit, "Mailler V.", Ministry of Agriculture, ~ (1981)
- Soil and water conservation in Asal. Field Manual - Volume 3. Agroforestry, "Mbote FW", Ministry of Agriculture, Soil and Water conservation Branch, ~ (1992)
- Kenya Forestry Master Plan: Development programmes, "Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources", ~ (1994)
- On-farm tree nurseries. KWDP Series on Rural Woodfuel Development, "Mung’ala PM", The Beijer Institute, 64~ (1988)
- Agroforestry field manual: Seed procurement and distribution, "Mwangi M", Kenya Consultants B.V. Nairobi, 29~ (1994)
- Fodder trees for smallholders: A Manual for Foresters, Livestock Officers and Extension Staff, "Nicholson M.", FINNIDA, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, pp.1992, ~
- "Land Reforms in Kenya: An Institution of Surveyors of Kenya (Isk) Initiative" (2016)[URL]
- Agroforestry extension methods: the two-way approach in extension, "Ong’ayo MK", KWAP, 1992
- Ongugo PO., "Farmer", community assessment of agroforestry technologies, 1996, 488~496[DOI]
- On-farm seed production, "Oyalo OA", ETC Consultants B.V. Nairobi, 55~ (1994)
- Rao MS., "Introduction to social forestry" (1994), Oxford and IBH publishing Co
- Guidelines on Agroforestry extension planning in Kenya, "Tengnäs B.", Regional Soil Conservation Unit (RSCU), 1993
- Agroforestry extension manual for Kenya, "Tengnäs B.", International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ~ (1994)
- The School Extension Programme: Experiences of the Kenya Woodfuel Development Programme (KWDP), "Wekundah JM.", ETC Consultants B.V. Nairobi, ~ (1993)