Linguistic Diversity, Unemployment and Schooling: Empirical Evidence from the East-Asian Countries
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
노동시장에서 언어의 다양성이 실업에 미치는 직접 및 간접효과를 탐색하였다. 연구를 위하여 기술상보성(skill complementarity), 자기민족중심적 행동(ethnocentric behavior), 사회적 응집성(social cohesion) 및 정치적 열망(political aspirations) 등에 관한 가설을 설정하고, 이들의 검증을 위하여 동남아시아 17개국의 언어표본을 바탕으로 언어상호간의 이해성을 고려하여 언어의 다양화를 측정하였다. 사회적 응집성 (social cohesion) 및 정치적 열망(political aspirations)에 관한 가설은 실업에 대한 언어다양성의 간접적인 효과로서, 이는 한편으로는 소수언어 집단의 사회적 융합을 촉진시키는 교육제도를 통하여 나타나며 다른 한편으로는 민족언어학의 차이로 인한 갈등의 위험을 증가시키는 효과로 나타나기도 한다. 가설검증 결과 직장에서 기술상보성(skill complementarity)의 효과를 명백히 보이는 초등학교 졸업자의 경우를 예외로 하고, 자기민족중심적 행동(ethnocentric behavior)과 정치적 야망(political aspirations)에 관한 가설은 확실하게 입증되었다.
Abstract
We explore both direct and indirect effects of linguistic diversity may produce on the labor market outcomes, in particular unemployment. For this purpose we use a measure of linguistic diversity that takes account of the languages’ mutual intelligibility with a sample of seventeen East and South Asian countries to test the hypotheses of skill complementarity, ethnocentric behavior, social cohesion, and political aspirations. The latter two hypotheses correspond to the indirect effects of linguistic diversity on unemployment working through the educational system that encourages social integration of the minority language groups on the one hand, while increasing the risk of social conflict due to the ethnolinguistic differences. We find significant support for the hypotheses of ethnocentric behavior and political aspirations with the exception of primary school graduates for whom there is evidence of skill complementarities effect at work.
참고문헌 (20)
- Alesina, A., "Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance", Journal of Economic Literature, 43, pp.762~800 (2005)
- Card, David, "Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems", Econometrica, 69, pp.1127~1160 (2001)
- Cinyabuguma, M. M., "Sub-Saharan Growth Surprises: Being Heterogeneous, Inland and Close to the Equator Does Not Slow Growth Within Africa", Journal of African Economies, 20(2), pp.217~262 (2011)
- Cragg, J. G., "Testing Identifiability and Specification in Instrumental Variable Models", Econometric Theory, 9, pp.222~240 (1993)
- "The World Atlas of Language Structures Online" (2011)[URL]
- Easterly, W., "Can Institutions Resolve Ethnic conflict?", Economic Development and Cultural Change, 49(4), pp.687~706 (2001)
- Fedderke, Johannes W., "Does Human Capital Generate Social and Institutional Capital? Exploring Evidence From South African Time Series Data", Oxford Economic Papers, 60(4), pp.649~682 (2008)
- Fedderke, Johannes W., "Using Fractionalization Indexes: Deriving Methodological Principles for Growth Studies from Time Series Evidence", Social Indicators Research, 85(2), pp.257~278 (2008)
- Greenberg, J. H., "The Measurement of Linguistic Diversity", Language, 32(1), pp.109~115 (1956)
- Griliches, Zvi., "Estimating the Returns to Schooling: Some Econometric Problems", Econometrica, 45, pp.1~22 (1977)
- Hirschman, Ch., "The Meaning and Measurement of Ethnicity in Malaysia: an Analysis of Census Classifications", Journal of Asian Studies, 46(3), pp.555~582 (1987)
- "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition" (2009)[URL]
- Lohmann, J., "Do Language Barriers Affect Trade?", Economics Letters, 110(2), pp.159~162 (2011)
- Mauro, P., "Corruption and Growth", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), pp.681~712 (1995)
- Education and Unemployment, "Mincer, J.", ~, pp.NBER Working Paper. No. 3838 (1991)
- Nickell, S., "Education and the Lifetime Pattern of Unemployment", The Journal of Political Economy, 87(5), pp.117~131 (1979)
- Repkine, A., "Ethnic Diversity, Political Stability and Productive Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from the African Countries", forthcoming in the South African Journal of Economics (2013)
- The Impact of Education on Unemployment Incidence and Re-Employment Success: Evidence from the U.S. Labour Market, "Riddell, W. C.", ~, pp.IZA Discussion Paper. No. 5572 (2011)
- Sargan, J. D., "The Estimation of Economic Relationships Using Instrumental Variables", Econometrica, 26(3), pp.393~415 (1958)
- "World Development Indicators (ADI)" (2013)[URL]