머리 부분 탑재형 디스플레이를 이용한 입체시검사법
A Prototype of a Stereoacuity Test Using a Head-Mounted Display
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목적: 머리 부분 탑재형 디스플레이(head-mounted display, HMD)를 이용한 새로운 입체시검사의 신뢰도 및 기존 입체시검사와 결과 차이를 평가해 보았다. 대상과 방법: 2017년 8월부터 2018년 7월까지 32명의 정상 성인을 모집했다. HMD (Galaxy Gear VR, Samsung, Yongin, Korea)를 착용하면, 양안에 각각 난점 배경의 3개의 원 이미지가 보이고, 이 중 한 개의 원에 7단계의 망막시차(135-1,350 arcsec)로 입체 원을구현했다. Randot 입체시검사와 TNO 입체시검사를 시행하여, 결과를 비교하고 HMD를 통한 입체시검사의 신뢰도를 평가했다. 결과: 대상자 총 32명, 남자 17명(53%), 평균 나이 30.1 ± 4.8세였다. 1차 HMD검사에서 평균 160 ± 54초각, Randot 입체시검사 평균28 ± 13초각, TNO 입체시검사 평균 96 ± 84초각, 2차 HMD검사 평균 143 ± 48초각의 입체시를 보였다. 두 번의 HMD검사를 Bland-Altman plot으로 분석하면 평균 차이 0.042 (-0.189 to +0.272, 95% limits of agreement)로 양호한 일치도를 보였고, 신뢰도검사에서 0.499 intraclass correlation coefficient (p=0.022), Cohen’s kappa 통계 81.25%의 일치도(Cohen’s kappa 지수=0.119, p=0.017)로 보통의 재현성을 보였다. 결론: HMD검사는 한눈단서가 없는 새로운 입체시검사법으로 보통의 재현성을 보였다. 고해상도 디스플레이를 이용한 HMD검사를 통하여 정밀 입체시 측정 추가 연구가 필요하다.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of a contour-based stereoacuity test using a head-mounted display (HMD) and compare it with other stereotests. Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults aged 23-47 years were recruited from a tertiary hospital between August 2017 and July 2018. Two separate contour-based circles (crossed disparity: 135-1,350 arcsecs) were generated on a high-resolution phone display (Galaxy S7; Samsung, Seoul, Korea) using an HMD (Galaxy Gear VR). Two images were independently projected to each eye as graded circles with a random dot background. The results of the new HMD stereotest were compared to those of the standard Randot and TNO stereotests. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the Bland-Altman plot and Cohen’s kappa statistics. Results: Among the 32 study participants, 17 (53%) were males and the mean age was 30.1 ± 4.8 years (range: 23-47). The mean stereoacuity was 160.3 ± 53.5 arcsecs in the first HMD stereotest (HMD1), 28.4 ± 12.5 arcsecs in the Randot stereotest, 96.1 ± 83.5 arcsecs in the TNO stereotest, and 143.3 ± 47.7 arcsecs in the second HMD stereotest (HMD2). The Bland-Altman plot showed a mean difference of 0.042 (-0.189 to +0.272, 95% limits of agreement) between HMD1 and HMD2. The reliability analysis showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.499 (p = 0.022) and agreement of 81.25% in Cohen’s kappa statistics (Cohen’s kappa index = 0.119, p = 0.017). Conclusions: The HMD stereotest without monocular cues showed fair test-retest reliability and reproducibility. Further studies using a high resolution display are needed to confirm the validity of the HMD stereotest.
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