본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

확산탄금지협약 창출을 위한 국제다자협상의 이론적 분석

A Theoretical Analysis of the International Multilateral Negotiations for Creating the Convention on Cluster Munitions

김현
국제지역연구원 (Institute of Global Affairs)|2016.09|아태연구 (Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies)|제23권 제3호|pp. 109-156|DOI 10.18107/japs.2016.23.3.005

0

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

Convention on Cluster Munitions제도협상모델확산탄금지협약국제군축레짐국제다자협상더블린 협상회의International Arms Control RegimeInternational Multilateral NegotiationInstitutional Bargaining ModelDublin Negotiation Conference
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

이 논문은 2010년 8월 1일에 발효된 확산탄금지협약(CCM) 창출을 위해 진행된 국제다자협상과정을 제도협상모델의 명제들을 적용하여 분석함으로써 왜, 어떻게 성공적으로 CCM 협상이 타결되었는지를 설명한다. 분석의 결과로서 첫째, 일련의 전쟁에서 확산탄의 무차별 사용으로 인해 상당한 민간인 사상자와 피해가 발생했던 인도적 위기가 확산탄 금지협약을 위한 다자협상에 착수하게 되는 결정적 계기가 되었다. 둘째, 국제확산탄연대(CMC), 유엔(UN) 기관, 국제적십자위원회(ICRC) 등의 인식공동체가 확산탄의 비인도적 민간 피해실상에 관한 정보와 합의된 지식을 협상 참여국들에게 제공하여 금지협약의 시급성을 인식하도록 한 것이 협상 타결에 기여하였다. 셋째, 노르웨이의 리더십 역할이 협상타결에 주요 요인으로 작용하였다. 넷째, CCM에 모든 확산탄을 즉시 전면 금지한다는 명료한 해결책이 포함되고, 유보적인 협상국들의 요구를 반영한 가교적 해결책이 마련된 것이 협상이 극적으로 타결된 요인이었다. 또한 CCM에 효과적인 합의준수 메커니즘이 포함된 것도 성공 요인으로 작용하였다. 다섯째, 주요 쟁점들을 분할하여 점진적 접근법을 통해 협상한 것도 타결 요인이었다.

Abstract

This paper aims to explain how and why the multilateral negotiations for creating the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM), which took effect on August 1, 2010, were successfully concluded by analyzing their process from the theoretical perspective of institutional bargaining model. It finds out that a humanitarian crisis resulting from inhumane harm to civilians caused by the indiscriminate use of cluster munitions in a series of military conflicts served as a crucial momentum to launch the negotiations for the CCM. It also finds that there were crucial factors for their successful conclusion, such as consensual knowledge, which was formed by the epistemic community, such as the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC), the UN agencies, and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) about harmful and unacceptable effects of using cluster munitions; effective leadership exercised by Norway and the core group of pro-ban states in proceeding with the negotiations; the inclusion of salient solutions and effective compliance mechanisms in the CCM; and an incremental approach through which to deal with conflicting issues separatively and gradually. A close partnership between the core group of pro-ban states and such NGOs as CMC and ICRC, and the procedure of deciding on any matter of substance about the CCM by a two-thirds majority vote, rather than by consensus, served as additional factors that contributed to reaching an agreement on the CCM negotiations.

참고문헌 (65)

  1. 곽동진, "국제금융레짐으로서 치앙마이 이니셔티브(CMI)의 성립과정 분석", 아태연구, 21(4), pp.79~110 (2014), 국제지역연구원
  2. 박동형, "비인도적 재래식 무기 군비통제 연구: 확산탄금지협약(CCM)을 중심으로", 21세기정치학회보, 21(1), pp.179~198 (2011), 21세기정치학회
  3. 이재승, "확산탄금지협약의 발효와 한국의 과제", 민주법학, (44), pp.125~159 (2010), 민주주의법학연구회
  4. 이장희, "집속탄금지협약의 성립배경과 국제인도법적 문제", 외법논집, 35(1), pp.1~20 (2011), 법학연구소
  5. Adler, Emanuel, "Conclusion: Epistemic Communities, World Order, and the Creation of a Reflective Research Program", International Organization, 46(1), pp.367~390 (1992)
  6. Bolton, Mattew, "The Role of Middle Power–NGO Coalitions in Global Policy: The Case of the Cluster Munitions Ban", Global Policy, 1(2), pp.179~181 (2010)
  7. Borrie, John, "Unacceptable Harm: A History of How the Treaty to Ban Cluster Munitions Was Won" (2009), UNIDIR
  8. Corsi, Jessica, "Towards Peace Through Legal Innovation: The Process and the Promise of the 2008 Cluster Munition Convention", Harvard Human Rights Journal, 22(1), pp.145~157 (2009)
  9. Docherty, Bonnie, "Breaking New Ground: The Convention on Cluster Munitions and the Evolution of International Humanitarian Law", Human Rights Quarterly, 31(4), pp.934~963 (2009)
  10. Garcia, Denise, "Banning Evil: Cluster Munitions and the Successful Formation of a Global Prohibition Regime", Cornell International Affairs Review, 5(2), pp.36~51 (2012)
  11. Garcia, Denise, "Disarmament Diplomacy and Human Security: Regimes, Norms and Moral Progress in International Relations", pp.153~205 (2012), Routhledge
  12. Goose, Stephen D., "Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy and Human Security", pp.217~240 (2008), Rowman & Littlefield
  13. Hampson, Fen Osler, "Multilateral Negotiations: Lessons from Arms Control, Trade, and the Environment" (1999), The Johns Hopkins University Press
  14. Haas, Peter M., "Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination", International Organization, 46(1), pp.1~35 (1992)
  15. Human Rights Watch, "Meeting the Challenge Protecting Civilians through the Convention on Cluster Munitions" (2010), Human Rights Watch
  16. Human Rights Watch, "Banning Cluster Munitions:Government Policy and Practice" (2009), Mine Action Canada
  17. 김현, "국제협약이론과 국가 INGO 협력", 대한정치학회보, 15(2), pp.333~361 (2007), 대한정치학회
  18. 김현, "Dynamics of Creating an International Disarmament Regime Banning Cluster Munitions: Power, Interest, and Knowledge", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 24(4), pp.533~558 (2012), 한국국방연구원
  19. Mukherjee, Geetanjali, "Creating Consensus: The Journey Towards Banning Cluster Munitions" (2014), Nidottu, Englanti
  20. Petrova, Margarita, "Small States as International Agenda-Setters and Law -Makers: Belgian and Norwegian Roles in Developing New Norms of Warfare", Paper prepared for the 6th Pan-European International Relatio ns Conference (2007)
  21. Raccuia, Daniel J., "The Convention on Cluster Munitions: An Incomplete Solution to the Cluster Munition Problem", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 44(2), pp.456~497 (2011)
  22. Rosert, Elvira, "Cluster Bombs: A Taboo in the Making?", Paper prepared for ISA Convention (2009)
  23. Whall, Helena, "The Role of Civil Society in the International Negotiations on the Arms Trade Treaty", Global Policy, 5(4), pp.453~468 (2014)
  24. Woudenberg, Nout van, "The Long and Winding Road Towards an Instrument on Cluster Munitions", Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 12(3), pp.447~483 (2008)
  25. Young, Oran R., "The Politics of International Regime Formation:Managing Natural Resources and the Environment", International Organization, 43(3), pp.349~375 (1989)
  26. Young, Oran R., "Political Leadership and Regime Formation: On the Development of Institutions in International Society", International Organization, 45(3), pp.281~308 (1991)
  27. Young, Oran R., "International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society" (1994), Cornell University Press
  28. "Norwegian People’s Aid, Colin King Associates and Norway Defense Research Establishment", M85: Analysis of Reliability. Norwegian People’s Aid, ~ (2007)
  29. "Report from the Wellington Conference on Cluster Munitions" (2008)[URL]
  30. "Cluster Munition Monitor 2016"[URL]
  31. "Cluster Munition Coalition"[URL]
  32. "Cluster Munition Coalition"[URL]
  33. "Dubrovnik Declaration" (2015)[URL]
  34. "Convention on Cluster Munitions"[URL]
  35. "Convention on Cluster Munitions Implementation Support Unit. Debrovnik Action Plan"[URL]
  36. "Circle of Impact: The Fatal Footprint of Cluster Munitions on People and Communities" (2007)[URL]
  37. "Fatal Footprint: The Global Human Impact of Cluster Munitions" (2006)[URL]
  38. "Report from the Oslo Conference on Cluster Munitions" (2007)[URL]
  39. "Report from the Wellington Conference on Cluster Munitions" (2008)[URL]
  40. "Report on Lima Conference on Cluster Munitions" (2007)[URL]
  41. "Flooding South Lebanon: Israel’s Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July and August 2006" (2006)[URL]
  42. "Twelve Facts and Fallacies about the Convention on Cluster Munitions" (2009)[URL]
  43. "South Lebanon Cluster Bomb Info Sheet"[URL]
  44. "Prohibiting Cluster Munitions: Our Chance to Protect Civilians"[URL]
  45. "China: Cluster Munition Ban Policy" (2016)[URL]
  46. "Declaration of the Oslo Conference" (2007)[URL]
  47. "Declaration of the Wellington Conference on Cluster Munitions"[URL]
  48. "Diplomatic Conference for the Adoption of a Convention on Cluster Munitions" (2008)[URL]
  49. "Diplomatic Conference for the Adoption of a Convention on Cluster Munitions"[URL]
  51. "Norway takes the initiative for a ban on cluster munitions" (2006)[URL]
  52. ICRC President, "Opening Statement", 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (2007), International Committee of Red Cross
  53. "Protocol additional to the Geneva Convention" (1977)[URL]
  54. "Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War" (2003)[URL]
  55. "Reply to Olav Akselsen’s (Labour Party) question regarding the war in Lebanon and the use of cluster munitions" (2006)[URL]
  56. "Report of the Secretary General on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, to the UN Security Council" (2007)[URL]
  57. "Report on Activities, Wellington Conference on Cluster Munitions"[URL]
  58. "Republic of Korea: Cluster Munition Ban Policy" (2016)[URL]
  59. "Statement by Stan Braban from Handicap International at the Oslo Conference on Cluster Munitions" (2007)[URL]
  60. "Statements by the CMC at the Third Review Conference of the CCW" (2006)[URL]
  61. "Summary Record of the Fourth Session of the Plenary and Closing Ceremony of the Conference" (2008)[URL]
  62. "The need for urgent international action on cluster munition. Statement by Philip Spoerri, Director of International Law and Cooperation with the Movement ICRC, International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC)" (2006)[URL]
  63. "The Soria Moria Declaration on International Policy"[URL]
  64. "United States: Cluster Munition Ban Policy" (2016)[URL]
  65. "US suspends cluster munitions sales to Saudi Arabia" (2016)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

Dynamics of Creating an International Disarmament Regime Banning Cluster Munitions: Power, Interest, and Knowledge김현한국국방연구원 · The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis2012 · 제24권 제4호확산탄금지협약의 발효와 한국의 과제이재승민주주의법학연구회 · 민주법학2010 · 제44호A Theoretical Account of the International Multilateral Negotiation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)김현한국국방연구원 · The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis2019 · 제31권 제3호집속탄금지협약의 성립배경과 국제인도법적 문제이장희법학연구소 · 외법논집2011 · 제35권 제1호Bringing International Anti-Landmine Norms to Domestic Politics: Korea Campaign to Ban Landmines as an Effective Intermediary조동준한국학중앙연구원 · The Review of Korean Studies2008 · 제11권 제3호제1차 북핵 위기의 협상 구조 분석: 협상 개시의 인식과 이익균형의 형성김혜원북한학연구소 · 북한학연구2025 · 제21권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)

日本の震災復興学と国際協力: トランス・ナショナリズムと現場力김영근pp. 5-28安全·安心な社会づくり: 震災被災地·兵庫県の対応を中心にKoji Matsubarapp. 29-44The Threats of Natural and Technogenic Hazards in the Russian Far East as a Part of Northeastern Asia and the Directions of International CooperationPetr Baklanov, A. N. Kachurpp. 45-70Different Historical Prisms and Regressive Political Reconciliation in Northeast Asia천자현, 조영철pp. 71-107중국과 대만 사이에서 변화하는 한국 화교의 이주민 정체성: 서울 화교 사단 조직에 대한 사례 연구김기호pp. 157-189
원문 보기