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Dynamics of Creating an International Disarmament Regime Banning Cluster Munitions: Power, Interest, and Knowledge

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한국국방연구원 (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses)|2012.12|The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis|제24권 제4호|pp. 533-558|DOI 10.22883/kjda.2012.24.4.009

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키워드

international security governanceConvention on Cluster Munitionsinternational disarmament regimeinternational regime theory

초록

This paper aims to explain the process of concluding the Convention on Cluster Munitions during 2007–2008 from three different theoretical perspectives: powerbased realist, interest-based neoliberal, and knowledge-based cognitivist theories. The convention is a global disarmament regime that prohibits the use, stockpiling,production, and transfer of cluster munitions. Through such an account, the paper seeks to answer the following questions: Why did almost all of the participating countries in the negotiation process sign the convention? Why did major military powers, such as the United States, China, Russia, India, Pakistan, and South Korea,decline to participate in the treaty-making process and to join the convention? What was the role of NGOs and how crucial was their participation for the negotiation and conclusion of the convention? The realist theory does not provide us with a relevant explanation for why a majority of states in the world supported and joined the ban regime. Yet the theory has some validity in explaining why major military powers neither participated in the process, nor acceded to the treaty. The neoliberal theory provides a relevant explanation of how and why the common interests were formed and shared so widely among anti-cluster munition states as to move them toward the creation of a total ban treaty. The cognitivist theory provides a pertinent explanation for the roles of the CMC and the ICRC as epistemic communities in the process of the regime formation. The three theoretical perspectives are complementary to each other in fully understanding the process.

Abstract

This paper aims to explain the process of concluding the Convention on Cluster Munitions during 2007–2008 from three different theoretical perspectives: powerbased realist, interest-based neoliberal, and knowledge-based cognitivist theories. The convention is a global disarmament regime that prohibits the use, stockpiling,production, and transfer of cluster munitions. Through such an account, the paper seeks to answer the following questions: Why did almost all of the participating countries in the negotiation process sign the convention? Why did major military powers, such as the United States, China, Russia, India, Pakistan, and South Korea,decline to participate in the treaty-making process and to join the convention? What was the role of NGOs and how crucial was their participation for the negotiation and conclusion of the convention? The realist theory does not provide us with a relevant explanation for why a majority of states in the world supported and joined the ban regime. Yet the theory has some validity in explaining why major military powers neither participated in the process, nor acceded to the treaty. The neoliberal theory provides a relevant explanation of how and why the common interests were formed and shared so widely among anti-cluster munition states as to move them toward the creation of a total ban treaty. The cognitivist theory provides a pertinent explanation for the roles of the CMC and the ICRC as epistemic communities in the process of the regime formation. The three theoretical perspectives are complementary to each other in fully understanding the process.

참고문헌 (101)

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