미국과 유럽 서사론：내포저자와 서술자
Narrative Theories of America and Europe: The Implied Author and Narrator
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인간은 이야기하는 동물이다. 20세기는 이야기 꾸미기에 대한 성찰과 분석 이론들이 유럽과 미국에서 경쟁적으로 출현한 담론의 시대였다. 본 논문은 20세기에 시작된 고전서사론이 21세기에 어떤 형태로 재해석되는지 살펴보기 위해 미국과 유럽 서사론의 특징을 밝히려한다. 포스트고전 서사론의 핵심은 독창적 이론이 아니라 이미 개발한 용어들을 텍스트에 적용하여 점검하고 재해석하는 역동적이고 열린 읽기다. 이런 문맥에서 미국이 개발한 용어인 ‘내포저자’와 유럽의 ‘서술자’는 서로 입장이 다르다. 어느 쪽이 더 문화 연구(Cultural Studies) 이후의 텍스트 분석에 타당한지 알아보기 위해 두 지역의 서사론이 지닌 차이를 역사적으로 살펴보고 그 결과를 현재 진행되는 내포저자 논쟁과 연결한다. ‘믿을 수 없는 서술’ 이라는 포스트고전 서사의 전형을 이끌어낸 내포저자는 중요하지만 현재에도 여전히 효력을 발휘하는 지는 의문이기 때문이다.
Abstract
At the beginning of the last century, the new science known as narrative theory emerged. In the response of an epistemological scepticism on the stories, America and Europe demonstrated a slightly different reactions on the question how the given narrative text directs the reader to the specific way of reading. Through the survey of the main texts of narratology, this paper foregrounds the differences and the similarities between two sides, and investigates the controversies caused by them in the Post-classical narratologies. While American tends to utilize the concepts of plot and invent such term as the implied author, European revitalizes the term, sjuzet, and develops the concepts of narrator. From the results of those differences which is reflecting the two regions' different intellectual environment, the present discussions seek for rereading the old terms of the implied author as well as narrator in order to consider which one is more appropriate for the narrative text after Post-modern Cultural Studies.
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