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시진핑 시기 <쌍감(双减)> 정책이 사교육 분야에 미친 영향에 대한 연구

Research on the Impact of the Double Reduction(Shuang Jian) Policy on Private Education during the Xi Jinping Era

윤태희
국제지역연구원 (Institute of Global Affairs)|2023.12|아태연구 (Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies)|제30권 제4호|pp. 61-96|DOI 10.18107/japs.2023.30.4.003

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참고문헌

키워드

시진핑Xi Jinping중국 교육중국 공산당Chinese Communist Party쌍감(双减)중국 사교육Double ReductionEducation Policy in ChinaPrivate Education in China
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

대학 입시시험의 부활 이후 중국의 사교육 분야는 가파르게 성장하였으나, 시진핑 시기 가정부담의 심화, 교육의 불균형, 사교육 기관의 혼선 등의 다양한 현안들이 문제점으로 지목되었다. 이러한 흐름 속에서 당국은 <쌍감>을 발표하여 사교육 분야의 대대적 변화를 추진하였다. 본문의 연구는 시진핑 시기 <쌍감> 정책이 사교육 분야에 미친 영향에 대한 검토를 목적으로 하며, 문헌연구의 방법을 통해 국가의 정책 및 이에 대한 다양한 행위자들의 대응 등에 대한 분석을 중심으로 이하의 내용을 연구결과로 제시한다. 첫째, <쌍감>의 발표 이후 당국의 사교육 분야의 비영리화 및 감독 강화가 전개되었으며, 이는 사교육 관련 기업들의 침체 및 사교육 관련 종사자들의 이탈 등의 문제를 야기하였다. 둘째, 이에 대하여 기존 사교육 관련 기업들의 소양 교육 영역으로의 전환, 사교육을 벗어난 다른 업계 진출, 사교육의 음성화 등의 현상이 초래되었다. 셋째, 당국의 정책에도 불구하고 입시제도와 명문학교의 존재는 사교육에 대한 수요를 지속시킬 수 있는 잠재적 요인으로 풀이된다. 이에 대한 당국의 근본적 해결책의 모색은 향후 귀추를 주목해야 할 과제로 볼 수 있다.

Abstract

After the revival of the college entrance exam, the field of private education in China achieved rapid expansion. However, it also brought about several issues, including the deepening of the family burden, the imbalance of education, and aggravated disorders by private tutoring institutions during the Xi Jinping era. The authorities announced Double Reduction(Shuang Jian) policy to deal with these issues. In this context, this study aims to analyze the impact of the Double Reduction policy during the Xi Jinping era in the private education sector, focusing on the responses of various actors on the national policy, with the analysis of literature and documentary research. This article presents the following research results. First of all, After the announcement of Double Reduction, the government pursued the nonprofitization of the private education sector and reinforced supervision of the private education institutions, which caused problems such as the downturn of private education-related companies and the dismissal of workers in the private education sector. Secondly, to deal with the government’s policy, some private education companies moved into quality education or jumped into other industries outside the private education sector. Thirdly, the Double Reduction also caused the expansion of the black market in private education. Besides, despite the authorities’ efforts, the existence of the entrance examination and prestigious schools are crucial factors that create the demand for private education.

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