The effect of an experimental method on speech perception
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This paper investigated task and stimulus effects by conducting four experiments on Korean EFL learners’ perception of English word-final consonant clusters. Specifically, task effects were examined in terms of choice options (forced-choice vs. multiple-choice) and input forms (auditory form vs. written form). The paper also investigated stimulus effects by examining tri-consonantal clusters as well as bi-consonantal clusters differing in terms of manner of articulation. The overall results showed that both choice options and input forms are important factors in second language (or foreign language) speech perception, as the participants’ mean performance was better in a forced-choice test than in a multiple-choice test (85.4% vs. 76.2%) and in an auditory test than in a written test (85.5% vs. 76.1%). Importantly, the interaction between choice and input type was significant, regardless of the number of consonants in a cluster and cluster type except sonorant only clusters. This is because the participants’ mean performance in Experiment 4 was poor (68.1%), as the task in Experiment 4 was demanding compared to that of other experiments in that the target stimuli were presented in their written forms in a multiple-choice test. This shows that the combinatory effect of choice and input type causes the participants to have great difficulty in perceiving the target stimuli target-appropriately, which supports the findings obtained by Dupoux et al. (1997) and Pater (2003) concerning task effects. The results also showed that stimulus effects were observed with respect to the number of consonants in a cluster, cluster type, and error patterns. Further, the nature of L2 (or foreign language) learners’ phonological representations of target words was addressed in terms of orthography and Exemplar Theory.
Abstract
This paper investigated task and stimulus effects by conducting four experiments on Korean EFL learners’ perception of English word-final consonant clusters. Specifically, task effects were examined in terms of choice options (forced-choice vs. multiple-choice) and input forms (auditory form vs. written form). The paper also investigated stimulus effects by examining tri-consonantal clusters as well as bi-consonantal clusters differing in terms of manner of articulation. The overall results showed that both choice options and input forms are important factors in second language (or foreign language) speech perception, as the participants’ mean performance was better in a forced-choice test than in a multiple-choice test (85.4% vs. 76.2%) and in an auditory test than in a written test (85.5% vs. 76.1%). Importantly, the interaction between choice and input type was significant, regardless of the number of consonants in a cluster and cluster type except sonorant only clusters. This is because the participants’ mean performance in Experiment 4 was poor (68.1%), as the task in Experiment 4 was demanding compared to that of other experiments in that the target stimuli were presented in their written forms in a multiple-choice test. This shows that the combinatory effect of choice and input type causes the participants to have great difficulty in perceiving the target stimuli target-appropriately, which supports the findings obtained by Dupoux et al. (1997) and Pater (2003) concerning task effects. The results also showed that stimulus effects were observed with respect to the number of consonants in a cluster, cluster type, and error patterns. Further, the nature of L2 (or foreign language) learners’ phonological representations of target words was addressed in terms of orthography and Exemplar Theory.
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