Acoustic duration of Korean nasals
1
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines the acoustic duration of Korean nasals in three different positions and three different vowel contexts to find the relationship between the nasal weakening and the nasal duration. Korean nasals have been observed as weakened, orally released or denasalized in the word-initial position (Umeda 1957, Chen and Clumeck 1975, Ohala 1997, Takeyasu 2004, Yoshida 2008, Kim 2011). The experiment in this study reveals that the word-initial nasals are shorter than word-medial and -final nasals; the word-initial nasals are longer before vowel /i/ or /u/ than before vowel /a/; bilabial nasals are longer than alveolar nasals; the word-initial nasals lack clear visible nasal formants and 24% of word-initial nasals are partially voiceless; and alveolar nasals are more frequently devoiced than bilabial nasal in word-initial position. The findings of the experiment support that Korean nasals are weakened with their short acoustic duration in the word-initial position, in which other consonants strengthened with their longer acoustic duration. In addition, the alveolar nasals which are reported as with more frequent nasal weakening or denasalization, turned out to have shorter duration and more frequently devoiced than the other nasals. However, the effect of vowel height on the nasal closure duration suggests that the duration of nasal closure itself cannot be an invariable perceptual cue to nasality and that the quality of the nasal closure is crucial for the perception of nasality.
Abstract
This paper examines the acoustic duration of Korean nasals in three different positions and three different vowel contexts to find the relationship between the nasal weakening and the nasal duration. Korean nasals have been observed as weakened, orally released or denasalized in the word-initial position (Umeda 1957, Chen and Clumeck 1975, Ohala 1997, Takeyasu 2004, Yoshida 2008, Kim 2011). The experiment in this study reveals that the word-initial nasals are shorter than word-medial and -final nasals; the word-initial nasals are longer before vowel /i/ or /u/ than before vowel /a/; bilabial nasals are longer than alveolar nasals; the word-initial nasals lack clear visible nasal formants and 24% of word-initial nasals are partially voiceless; and alveolar nasals are more frequently devoiced than bilabial nasal in word-initial position. The findings of the experiment support that Korean nasals are weakened with their short acoustic duration in the word-initial position, in which other consonants strengthened with their longer acoustic duration. In addition, the alveolar nasals which are reported as with more frequent nasal weakening or denasalization, turned out to have shorter duration and more frequently devoiced than the other nasals. However, the effect of vowel height on the nasal closure duration suggests that the duration of nasal closure itself cannot be an invariable perceptual cue to nasality and that the quality of the nasal closure is crucial for the perception of nasality.
참고문헌 (16)
- CHEN, MATTHEW, "Denasalization in Korean: A search for universals", Nasalfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, pp.125~131 (1975), Stanford University Linguistics Dept
- CHO, TAEHONG, "Articulatory and acoustic studies of domain-initial strengthening in Korean", Journal of Phonetics, 29, pp.155~190 (2001)
- CHOI, HANSOOK, "Vowel duration as a perceptual cue for preceding stop laryngeal contrast in Korean", ICPhS, XVII, pp.17~21 (2011)
- CHUNG, HYUNSONG, "Consonantal and prosodic influences on Korean vowel duration", Proceedings of Eurospeech 99 (1999)
- EDWARDS, HAROLD, "Applied Phonetics: The Sounds of American English" (2003), Thomson Delmar Learning
- KIM, YOUNG SHIN, "An Acoustic, Aerodynamic and Percpetual Investigation of Word-initial Denasalization in Korean", 박사, pp.2011
- LADEFOGED, PETER, "A Course in Phonetics", pp.2006, Thomson
- LEE, HO-YOUNG, "Korean Phonetics" (1996), Tae Hak Sa
- MARTIN, SAMUEL, "Korean phonemics", Language, 27, pp.519~533 (1951)
- OHALA, JOHN, "Phonetic explanations for nasal sound patterns, In Nasalfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization", pp.289~316 (1975), Language Universals Project
- OHALA, JOHN, "Emergent stops", Proceedings of the 4th Seoul International Conference of the Phonetic Society of Korea (1997), Phonetic Society of Korea
- SEONG, CHEL-JAE, "An experimental phonetic study on the acoustic characteristics of the Korean nasal sound", Malsori, 31-32, pp.9~22 (1996), The Phonetic society of Korea
- STEVENS, KENNETH, "Acoustic Phonetics" (1997), The MIT Press
- TAKEYASU, HAJIME, "On perceptual cues for word-initial nasal consonants in Korean", Paper presented at Phonology Forum 2004 (2004)
- UMEDA, HIROYUKI, "The phonemic system of Modern Korean", Journal of Linguistic Society of Japan, 32, pp.60~82 (1957)
- YOSHIDA, KENJI, "Phonetic implementation of Korean 'denasalization' and its variation related to prosody", IULC Working Papers Online, 8(1) (2008)