산지별 식용 귀뚜라미의 이화학적 특성
Physicochemical properties of edible cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) in different districts
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초록
본 연구는 국내에서 사육되고 있는 식용 귀뚜라미의 산지별 이화학적 특성에 대한 조사를 하였다. 산지별 귀뚜라미의 조단백과 조지방 함량은 각각 17.67~20.53%와 4.21~6.13%로 나타났다. 산지별 동결건조 귀뚜라미의 조단백과 조지방 함량은 각각 59.42~67.40%와 14.04~20.61%로 육고기 보다 높은 단백질 함량을 나타내었다. 전남 영광과 강원 원주의 조지방 함량이 20.61 및 19.64%로 타지역 14.04~16.03%보다 높게 나타났다. 산지별 통계적 유의차는 있었지만(p<0.05), 실제 함량의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 지방산의 경우 palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid가 각각 20 g/100 g이상의 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 특히 linoleic acid 함량이 강원 원주에서 37.85 g/100 g으로 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 경남 거창이 29.74 g/100 g으로 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산이 각각 18.01~22.80 g/100 g과 30.64~35.28 g/100 g을 나타내었다. 필수 아미노산 중 valine, leucine, lysine 함량이 높았다. Valine의 함량은 전남 영광이 2.92 g/100 g으로 타지역 3.97~4.47 g/100 g보다 낮은 함량을 나타내었고, glutamic acid 함량은 경남 거창이 6.91 g/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 무기질 함량은 칼륨 및 인의 함량이 0.92~1.01 mg/100 mg 및 0.74~0.88 mg/100 mg으로 높게 나타났다. 전체적으로 망간과 구리 함량은 낮으나, 아연은 강원 정선 및 경기 화성이 299 및 170 ppm으로 높게 나타났다. 중금속 함량은 납이 경남 거창지역에서만 0.26 ppb가 검출 되었으며, 타지역에서는 검출되지 않았다. 카드뮴은 전남 영광, 강원 정선 및 경남 거창에서 각각 0.07, 0.03 및 0.03 ppb가 검출 되었으며, 타지역에서는 검출되지 않았다. 수은 함량은 충북 충주 및 전남 영광에서 1.00 및 3.30 ppb의 함량을 나타내었다. 발견된 중금속은 CODEX와 식품공전의 중금속 허용기준에 극히 미달되는 함량으로 나타나 식품원료로서 문제가 없음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
Insects have gained increasing attention as an alternative protein and nutrient rich food source for humans. This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and harmful components of edible crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) in the 6 districts of Yeonggwang (YG), Jeongseon (JS), Wonju (WJ), Hwaseong (HS), Geochang (GC), and Chungju (CJ). The average crude protein and crude lipid contents on a dry basis were 64.34% and 16.60%, respectively. The crude protein content of CJ was the highest (67.40%), whereas YG (59.42%) had the lowest content. On the other hand, the crude fat content of YG was the highest (20.61%), whereas CJ (14.04%) had the lowest content. The unsaturated fatty acid contents were 57.97-63.93 g/100 g of the total fatty acid content in the crickets of the 6 districts. The major fatty acids of the crickets in the 6 districts were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Among the essential amino acids, valine, leucine, and lysine were the most abundant. GC had the highest total amino acids (57.93 g/100 g), whereas YG (48.65 g/100 g) had the lowest. Major mineral contents included potassium (K, 0.92~1.01 mg/100 mg) and phosphorus (P, 0.74~0.88 mg/100 mg). The mineral composition was fairly similar among the crickets. Crickets in the 6 districts were verified to have safe levels of residual heavy metals according to the Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) advisory levels.
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