고추장 제조시 발효가 항돌연변이 및 in vitro 항암효과에 미치는 영향
Fermentation process increased antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer effects during Kochujang manufacturing
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본 연구에서 고추장 제조시 발효가 항돌연변이 효과와 in vitro 항암효과에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 고추장 제조 재료인 원료 밀, 1차발효밀, 2차발효밀, 최종발효밀, 고춧가루와 최종발효밀로 제조된 고추장의 Sal. Typhimurium TA100을 이용한 Ames test를 실시하여 MNNG에 대한 항돌연변이 효과를 살펴보았으며, HT-29 인체 대장암세포와 AGS 인체 위암세포의 성장 억제효과를 살펴보았다. 실험한 결과 원료 밀보다 1차발효밀, 2차발효밀보다 최종발효밀이 발효진행에 따라 점차 증진된 항돌연변이 효과와 in vitro 항암효과가 나타났으며 최종발효밀과 고춧가루로 제조된 고추장이 가장 높았다. 15, 30일 발효시킨 고추장이 발효되지 않은 고추장보다 더 높은 항암효과가 나타났다. 따라서 발효과정(기간)이 고추장의 항돌연변이 효과와 항암효과에 중요하게 관련되어 있다고 할 수 있으며 고추장의 주재료인 고춧가루의 capsaicin, 비타민C와 β-carotene 등의 작용만이 아닌 밀에서 온 발효 숙성 중에 많이 증식된 미생물 그리고 발효에 의한 생성된 다른 활성물질이 항돌연변이와 항암 효과에 관련되어 있다고 하겠다.
Abstract
Increased antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer effects were observed by the fermentation process during Kochujang manufacturing. In order to confirm the increased functionality, wheat grain, first fermented wheat grains (FFWG), second fermented wheat grains (SFWG), final fermented wheat grains (FiFWG), red pepper powder (RPP), and commercial Kochujang (CK) were prepared. Kochujang manufactured with final fermented wheat grains and red pepper powder were further fermented for 15 days and 30 days. The antimutagenic effects were determined by counting the number of revertants in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 against N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 1.0mg/mL). The final fermented wheat grains (52% inhibition) showed higher antimutagenic effects than the wheat grain (34%), and the commercial Kochujang showed the highest antimutagenic effects (55%). We tested the inhibitory effect on the growth of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells by using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results showed that increased fermentation process continually increased the growth inhibitory effect on both cancer cells. The further fermentation for 15 days of the Kochujang product also increased inhibitory growth of the AGS cancer cells. In conclusion, the methanol extract from fermented wheat grains and commercial Kochujang showed sequentially increased antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer activity, and thus the final commercial Kochujang revealed the highest effect.
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