자생 및 재배 큰비쑥의 이화학적 특성 비교
Comparison of the physicochemical properties of native and cultivated Artemisia fukudo Makino
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초록
국화과에 속하는 큰비쑥은 ‘갯쑥’으로도 알려져 있는 염생식물로서 생물학적 이용 가능성이 높은 2차 대사산물이 풍부할 것으로 기대되며, 항염, 항산화, 미백효과 등 다양한 생리 활성이 있다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 큰비쑥을 경쟁력 있는 작물로써 이용성을 높이고자 생장 환경별 총폴리페놀 함량, 라디칼 소거능, 무기질 함량, 중금속 및 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 총폴리페놀은 가장 높은 함량을 보인 자생 성숙잎을 제외하고는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나(p<0.05), ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 자생잎보다 재배잎에서 높은 활성을 보였다. 이는 폴리페놀 화합물의 구조적 요인이나 폴리페놀 화합물 이외의 영양성분들이 라디칼 소거능에 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 판단된다. 무기질 중 Na 함량은 자생 어린잎이 가장 높았으나, Na을 제외한 총 무기질 함량은 재배잎이 자생잎보다 높았다. K 및 Ca 함량은 자생잎보다 재배잎이 높았다. 큰비쑥 4종의 안전성을 알아보기 위해 중금속을 분석한 결과, Pb, Cd, As, Hg이 검출되었으나, 엽채류 식약처 고시 기준인 Pb 0.3 mg/kg, Cd 0.2 mg/kg보다 낮은 수준으로 나타났고 전반적으로 재배잎이 자생잎보다 낮게 측정되었다. 잔류농약은 큰비쑥 4종에서 검출되지 않아 안전하다고 판단된다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 재배 큰비쑥은 전라남도 해안지역 자생 큰비쑥과 비교하여 큰 차이가 없어 재배잎을 육종하여 대량생산한다면 이용 가능성이 높은 품종으로 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.
Abstract
Artemisia fukudo Makino belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a halophyte that can grow in salinity soils and is known for its various physiological activities. However, few studies were comparing it according to the growth environment. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity, functional ingredients, and safety of Artemisia fukudo Makino according to the growth environment. Total polyphenol content was the highest in native mature leaves, but 2,2’- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. The total mineral content, excluding sodium, was higher in cultivated than in native leaves. The content of potassium and calcium was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. In addition, heavy metal analysis showed that cultivated leaves were generally lower than those of native leaves. Residual pesticides were not detected in all samples. In conclusion, since there is no significant difference in cultivated leaves compared to native leaves, it was judged that cultivated leaves could be used as a variety to be grown and mass-produced.
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