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Regulation of Interleukin-6 and Leptin in Schizophrenia Patients: A Preliminary Analysis

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Objective: Immune-inflammatory mediators play a pivotal role in brain signaling and have been increasingly associated withthe pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Many studies have indicated an increased level of immune-inflammatory interleukin-6(IL-6) in schizophrenia. IL-6 is a well-known chief stimulator of inflammation. Of late leptin has also been implicated in theinflammatory pathway of schizophrenia. In this study we measured and compared serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in patientswith schizophrenia to healthy controls, and investigated the relationship between IL-6 and leptin. Methods: Serum IL-6 and leptin were determined in 20 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and in 19 healthy controls matchedby gender, age and body mass index (BMI) using commercial Bioplex assays. Results: Using Mann-Whitney U-test, significantly increased IL-6 levels were found in the patients but there was no significantdifference in leptin levels though a trend towards higher leptin was observed in the patients. Spearman correlations did notshow any correlation between IL-6 and clinical variables except antipsychotic dosage. Leptin significantly correlated with genderand BMI. A large effect size correlation was observed between IL-6 and leptin in the patients but not in the controls. Multipleregression analysis performed on patients, after adjusting for gender and BMI, revealed there was no significant associationbetween IL-6 and leptin. Conclusion: IL-6 and leptin levels may reflect the chronic inflammatory state associated with schizophrenia but further evaluationis required. Also, it is important to consider the confounding effects of obesity in any examination of relationships between groupswith regard to cytokines and adipokines.

Abstract

Objective: Immune-inflammatory mediators play a pivotal role in brain signaling and have been increasingly associated withthe pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Many studies have indicated an increased level of immune-inflammatory interleukin-6(IL-6) in schizophrenia. IL-6 is a well-known chief stimulator of inflammation. Of late leptin has also been implicated in theinflammatory pathway of schizophrenia. In this study we measured and compared serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in patientswith schizophrenia to healthy controls, and investigated the relationship between IL-6 and leptin. Methods: Serum IL-6 and leptin were determined in 20 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and in 19 healthy controls matchedby gender, age and body mass index (BMI) using commercial Bioplex assays. Results: Using Mann-Whitney U-test, significantly increased IL-6 levels were found in the patients but there was no significantdifference in leptin levels though a trend towards higher leptin was observed in the patients. Spearman correlations did notshow any correlation between IL-6 and clinical variables except antipsychotic dosage. Leptin significantly correlated with genderand BMI. A large effect size correlation was observed between IL-6 and leptin in the patients but not in the controls. Multipleregression analysis performed on patients, after adjusting for gender and BMI, revealed there was no significant associationbetween IL-6 and leptin. Conclusion: IL-6 and leptin levels may reflect the chronic inflammatory state associated with schizophrenia but further evaluationis required. Also, it is important to consider the confounding effects of obesity in any examination of relationships between groupswith regard to cytokines and adipokines.

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