ESG 투자와 기후변화의 정치경제학: 정의로운 전환과 남북문제의 상관성을 중심으로
ESG Investment and the Political Economy of Climate Change Focusing on the Correlation between Just Transition and North-South Problems
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ESG 투자는 지속가능한 책임투자로 정의되며, 지속가능발전은 E, S, G 영역 간조화 혹은 균형을 요구한다. 그렇지만 ESG 투자 확대가 E, S, G 영역 간 갈등을 유발할 수 있는바, 최근에 기후변화 정책의 영향으로 종종 모습을 드러내는 E 영역과S 영역 간 상충(trade-off) 관계가 대표적이다. 이러한 문제를 피하기 위해서는 기후변화 정책이 정의로운 전환 조건을 충족하면서 추진될 필요가 있으며, 바로 이러한 경우에만 ESG 투자가 지속가능발전에 기여할 수 있다. 문제는 지속가능발전이글로벌 차원에서 추진될 경우에만 실질적인 의미를 가질 수 있다는 점이다. 그렇다면 ESG 투자가 지속가능한 책임투자라는 정의에 실질적으로 부합되기 위해서는이 투자에서 비롯된 탄소중립이나 정의로운 전환 정책이 특정 국가나 지역 차원의대안을 넘어 글로벌 차원의 대안으로 확대되어야 한다. 그렇지 않을 경우, ESG 투자는 또 다른 수익창출 요인이자 무역장벽으로 작용하면서 지속불가능성을 유발하는 또 다른 요인으로 기능하게 될 것이다.
Abstract
ESG investment is defined as Sustainable Responsible Investment(SRI), and sustainable development requires harmony or balance between E, S, and G dimensions. However, expansion of ESG investment can cause conflicts between E, S, and G dimensions, and the trade-off relationship between E and S dimensions, which has recently emerged as a result of climate change policies, is a representative example. To avoid such trade-offs, climate change policies must to be pursued while meeting just transition conditions, and only in this case can ESG investment contribute to sustainable development. An important issue is that sustainable development can only have practical meaning if it is pursued at the global level. Then, in order for ESG investment to really meet the definition of SRI, the carbon-neutral or just transition policy derived from SRI should be expanded to a global-level alternative beyond a specific country or region-level alternative. Otherwise, ESG investment will act as another revenue generating factor and a barrier to trade, and will function as another unsustainability factor.
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