‘정의로운 전환(Just Transition)’과 분배 갈등: 정치경제적 접근의 함의와 가능성
Bringing Political Economy Back In: ‘Just Transition’ and Distributive Conflict
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정치학에서 기후변화 문제는 주로 글로벌 수준에서 집중적으로 다뤄져 왔다. 기후환경의 지속가능성을 공공재로 보고, 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 국가 간 협력이 왜 실패하는지가 주된 연구의 초점이었다. 그러나 기후변화 문제는 글로벌 수준의 분석을 넘어 한 국가 내에서 여러 행위자 간 이해가 충돌하는 문제, 즉 분배적 갈등에 초점을 맞춰 국내 정치의 수준에서 분석할 필요가 있다. 기후 문제의 해결에 에너지 전환이 필수적인 것으로 인식되면서 최근 화두로 떠오른 ‘정의로운 전환(Just Transition)’은 국제정치경제 및 비교정치경제학에서 발전시켜 온 분석틀로 접근하기에 매우 적합한 주제이다. 본 논문은 정의로운 전환이라는 이슈가 국제정치경제의 중요한 연구 이론인 무역갈등이론, 그리고 비교정치경제의 사회적 위험(social risk)과 사회적 보호(social protection) 및 복지정치이론과 어떤 접점을 가지며, 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 논문은 실효성 있는 기후변화 대응 거버넌스를 구축하기 위해서 정치경제적 시각으로 정의로운 전환을 둘러싼 정치적 갈등에 접근할 필요가 있음을 주장한다.
Abstract
The issue of climate change in political science has mainly been addressed at the international or global level, viewing environmental sustainability as a public good, and focusing on why intergovernmental cooperation to address climate change has often failed. However, it is necessary not only to analyze climate change at the global level but also to examine them at the domestic level, focusing on the conflicts of interest among various actors. With the widespread recognition that solving climate issues and transitioning to sustainable energy are inseparable, the recently emerged concept of 'Just Transition' is a suitable topic for approaching through frameworks developed in international political economy and comparative political economy. This paper explores how the issue of just transition intersects with important research in international political economy such as trade politics, as well as with social protection and welfare politics in comparative political economy. It argues that analyzing political conflicts surrounding just transition from a political-economic perspective is essential to establish effective governance for climate change mitigation.
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