Benign Multiple Sclerosis is Associated with Reduced Tinning of the Retinal Nerve Fiber and Ganglion Cell Layers in Non-Optic-Neuritis Eyes
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Background and Purpose It is exceedingly difcult to diferentiate benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) based on clinical characteristics, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fuid tests. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows quantifcation of retinal structures, such as the retinal nerve fber layer (RNFL) thickness, at the optic disc and the ganglion cell layer (GCL) at the macula, on a micrometer scale. It can also be used to trace minor alterations and the progression of neurodegeneration, help predict BMS, and infuence the choice of therapy. To utilize OCT to detect the extent of changes of the optic disk and macular microstructure in patients with BMS and RRMS compared to healthy controls (HCs), with special focus on changes related to the presence/absence of optic neuritis (ON). Methods Spectral-domain OCT was applied to examine eyes from 36 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), comprising 11 with BMS and 25 with RRMS, and 34 HCs. Results Te RNFL and GCL were signifcantly thinner in eyes previously afected by ON, irrespective of the type of MS (i.e., BMS or RRMS), than in HCs. Signifcant thinning of the GCL was also observed in non-ON RRMS (and not non-ON BMS) compared to HCs. Correspondingly, a signifcant association between disease duration and thinning rates of the RNFL and GCL was observed only in non-ON RRMS (-0.54±0.24 and -0.43±0.21 μm/year, mean± SE; p<0.05 for both), and not in non-ON BMS (-0.11±0.27 and -0.24±0.24 μm/year). Conclusions Te RNFL and GCL were thinner in both ON- and non-ON MS, but the change was more pronounced in ON MS, irrespective of the MS subtype studied herein. GCL thinning and the thinning rate of both the GCL and RNFL were less pronounced in non-ON BMS than in non-ON RRMS. Tese fndings may help to predict the course of BMS.
Abstract
Background and Purpose It is exceedingly difcult to diferentiate benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) based on clinical characteristics, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fuid tests. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows quantifcation of retinal structures, such as the retinal nerve fber layer (RNFL) thickness, at the optic disc and the ganglion cell layer (GCL) at the macula, on a micrometer scale. It can also be used to trace minor alterations and the progression of neurodegeneration, help predict BMS, and infuence the choice of therapy. To utilize OCT to detect the extent of changes of the optic disk and macular microstructure in patients with BMS and RRMS compared to healthy controls (HCs), with special focus on changes related to the presence/absence of optic neuritis (ON). Methods Spectral-domain OCT was applied to examine eyes from 36 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), comprising 11 with BMS and 25 with RRMS, and 34 HCs. Results Te RNFL and GCL were signifcantly thinner in eyes previously afected by ON, irrespective of the type of MS (i.e., BMS or RRMS), than in HCs. Signifcant thinning of the GCL was also observed in non-ON RRMS (and not non-ON BMS) compared to HCs. Correspondingly, a signifcant association between disease duration and thinning rates of the RNFL and GCL was observed only in non-ON RRMS (-0.54±0.24 and -0.43±0.21 μm/year, mean± SE; p<0.05 for both), and not in non-ON BMS (-0.11±0.27 and -0.24±0.24 μm/year). Conclusions Te RNFL and GCL were thinner in both ON- and non-ON MS, but the change was more pronounced in ON MS, irrespective of the MS subtype studied herein. GCL thinning and the thinning rate of both the GCL and RNFL were less pronounced in non-ON BMS than in non-ON RRMS. Tese fndings may help to predict the course of BMS.
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