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미생물 Chitin Deacetylase의 특성과 응용

Enzymatic Characteristics and Applications of Microbial Chitin Deacetylases

정우진|김길용|박노동|국주희
한국미생물·생명공학회 (The Korean Society For Microbiology And Biotechnology)|2005.03|한국미생물·생명공학회지 (Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters)|제33권 제1호|pp. 9-15

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참고문헌

주제분류생물학

초록

Chitin deacetylase(CDA; EC 3.5.1.41)는 키틴의 Nacetamidebonds를 가수분해하여 이를 키토산으로 전환시키는 효소다. 한편, 키토산은 의약, 화장품, 식품, 농업 등의 분야에서 다양하게 응용되는 고분자 다당류이다. 본 논문에서는 미생물 유래 CDA의 분포, 분석법, 효소적 특성, 기질 특이성, 작용기작, 유전자의 구조, 생물학적 역할, 응용 등의최신 지견을 기술하고자 하였다. 미생물 CDA가 세포벽 형성과 식물-미생물 상호작용에 관여한다는 연구결과들을 제시하였으며, CDA의 유전자 구조를 다양한 acetylated poly/oligo-saccharides를 탈아세틸화하는 family 4 carbohydrateesterases의 유전자 구조와 비교하였다. 키틴의 탈아세틸화로키토산을 제조하는 과정에 CDA의 활용 가능성과, CDA를포함한 고활성의 키틴 대사효소들을 분비하는 곤충 병원균의 활용 가능성도 살펴보았다.

Abstract

Chitin deacetylase (CDA; EC 3.5.1.41) catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetamide bonds of chitin, converting it to chitosan. Chitosan has several applications in areas such as biomedicine, food ingredients, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. In this paper, occurrence, assay and purification protocols, enzymatic characteristics, substrate specificity, and mode of action of microbial CDAs have been described. Several lines of evidence have substantiated the biological roles involved in cell wall formation and plant-pathogen interactions for fungal CDAs. The gene structure of CDAs has been compared with other family 4 carbohydrate esterases which deacetylate a wide variety of acetylated poly/ oligo-saccharides. The use of CDAs for the conversion of chitin to chitosan, in contrast to the presently used chemical procedure, offers the possibility of a controlled, non-degradable process, resulting in the production of well-defined chitosan oligomers and polymers. Insect pathogen that can secrete high levels of chitin-metabolizing enzymes including CDA can be a possible alternative for new pest management tools.

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