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인공지능 미술의 심미적 감상 요소에 관한 연구

A Study on the Aesthetic Appreciation Element of Artificial Intelligence Art

이진우|한웨이
한국기초조형학회 (Korean Society Of Basic Design & Art)|2024.08|기초조형학연구 (Journal of Basic Design & Art)|제25권 제4호|pp. 439-454|DOI 10.47294/KSBDA.25.4.30

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참고문헌

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qualitative researchARSaesthetic appreciation정성연구인공지능 미술심미적 감상aesthetic assessment심미성 평가Ai art
주제분류예술일반

초록

본 연구는 인공지능 미술의 심미성을 이해하기 위한 기반을 마련하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 심미성의 개념과 미술품의 심미적 감상 평가 관련 지표에 관한 이론적 고찰을 전개하였다. 이후, Hager 등(2012)이 제시한 ‘예술수용 조사’를 구성하는 척도가 인공지능 미술에 관한 심미적 감상 평가에 적절한지에 관한 질적 탐구를 진행하였다. 자료의 수집은 10인의 미술 관련 전문가를 대상으로 한 심층 인터뷰에 기반한다. 해당 정성적 자료를 분석한 결과, 인공지능 미술과 기존 미술품은 심미적 감상 평가의 측면에서 공통점과 차이점을 나타내었다. 기존 미술품과 인공지능 미술은 모두 시각적 결과물을 나타내기에, 그림의 주제, 내용, 표현 양식 등을 기반으로 감상자는 자기 참조 및 긍정적 매력을 느끼는 정도에서 유사한 척도로 평가할 수 있다. 그러나, 기존 미술의 심미성을 평가하는 요소 중 하나인 작가의 주관적 창의성은 인공지능 미술에서 제한적으로 나타났다. 더하여, 인지 자극 및 전문 지식과 연관한 인공지능 미술의 평가 측면에서 감상자는 해당 미술에 관한 미술사적 지식 외에 인공지능에 관한 작동원리를 고려하고 있다. 즉, 인공지능 미술의 심미성 평가는 기존 미술에 관한 평가 기준에 근거할 뿐만 아니라 기술적 내용 및 알고리즘에 관한 감상자의 이해를 포함한다. 이러한 논의를 기반으로 한 본 연구의 학술적 의의는 인공지능 미술의 심미적 감상 평가 기준을 제시하는 것에 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to establish the basis for understanding the aesthetics of artificial intelligence art. To do so, we theoretically considered the concept of aesthetics and elements regarding the aesthetic appreciation and evaluation of artworks. Then, a qualitative exploration was conducted on whether the scale that constitutes the ‘Art Reception Survey’ suggested by Hager et al.(2012) is appropriate for evaluating the aesthetics of artificial intelligence art. Data collection is based on in-depth interviews with 10 art-related experts. As a result of analyzing the qualitative data, we found commonalities and differences between artificial intelligence art and existing artwork in terms of aesthetic assessment. Since both existing artwork and artificial intelligence art represent visual results, viewers can evaluate them on a similar scale in terms of self-reference and positive appeal based on the subject matter, content, and expression style of the painting. Nevertheless, the aspect of the limited subjective creativity of the artist – which defines one of the components of the aesthetics of general art works – have been left beyond the framework of our study. Besides this, except art history, appreciators regard the criteria of implementing AI when it comes to the sphere of ‘cognitive stimulation’ of ‘artistic expertise’ for appreciating artificial intelligent art. So the factors of appreciating AI art are not only the traditional aesthetics of the paintings but also the viewer’s knowledge of used technologies and algorithms for that AI art. Based on the discussion of the study, theoretical contribution of this article is to offer the indicator for measuring the aesthetic appreciation of AI art.

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