본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Composition of Human Breast Milk Microbiota and Its Role in Children’s Health

2

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류소아과학

초록

Human milk contains a number of nutritional and bioactive molecules including microorganisms that constitute the so-called “Human Milk Microbiota (HMM)”. Recent studies have shown that not only bacterial but also viral, fungal, and archaeal components are present in the HMM. Previous research has established, a “core” microbiome, consisting of Firmicutes (i.e., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus), Proteobacteria (i.e., Serratia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas, Bradyrhizobium), and Actinobacteria (i.e., Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium). This review aims to summarize the main characteristics of HMM and the role it plays in shaping a child’s health. We reviewed the most recent literature on the topic (2019-2021), using the PubMed database. The main sources of HMM origin were identified as the retrograde flow and the entero-mammary pathway. Several factors can influence its composition, such as maternal body mass index and diet, use of antibiotics, time and type of delivery, and mode of breastfeeding. The COVID-19 pandemic, by altering the mother-infant dyad and modifying many of our previous habits, has emerged as a new risk factor for the modification of HMM. HMM is an important contributor to gastrointestinal colonization in children and therefore, it is fundamental to avoid any form of perturbation in the HMM that can alter the microbial equilibrium, especially in the first 100 days of life. Microbial dysbiosis can be a trigger point for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, especially in preterm infants, and for onset of chronic diseases, such as asthma and obesity, later in life.

Abstract

Human milk contains a number of nutritional and bioactive molecules including microorganisms that constitute the so-called “Human Milk Microbiota (HMM)”. Recent studies have shown that not only bacterial but also viral, fungal, and archaeal components are present in the HMM. Previous research has established, a “core” microbiome, consisting of Firmicutes (i.e., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus), Proteobacteria (i.e., Serratia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas, Bradyrhizobium), and Actinobacteria (i.e., Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium). This review aims to summarize the main characteristics of HMM and the role it plays in shaping a child’s health. We reviewed the most recent literature on the topic (2019-2021), using the PubMed database. The main sources of HMM origin were identified as the retrograde flow and the entero-mammary pathway. Several factors can influence its composition, such as maternal body mass index and diet, use of antibiotics, time and type of delivery, and mode of breastfeeding. The COVID-19 pandemic, by altering the mother-infant dyad and modifying many of our previous habits, has emerged as a new risk factor for the modification of HMM. HMM is an important contributor to gastrointestinal colonization in children and therefore, it is fundamental to avoid any form of perturbation in the HMM that can alter the microbial equilibrium, especially in the first 100 days of life. Microbial dysbiosis can be a trigger point for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, especially in preterm infants, and for onset of chronic diseases, such as asthma and obesity, later in life.

참고문헌 (72)

  1. Lopez Leyva L, "Emerging frontiers in human milk microbiome research and suggested primers for 16S rRNA gene analysis", Comput Struct Biotechnol J, 19, pp.121~133 (2020)
  2. 김수영, "Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers", Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 52, pp.1~10 (2020), 생화학분자생물학회[DOI]
  3. Enaud R, "The gut-lung axis in health and respiratory diseases : a place for inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalks", Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 10, pp.9~ (2020)
  4. Hufnagl K, "Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma", Semin Immunopathol, 42, pp.75~93 (2020)
  5. Sánchez C, "Breast milk : a source of functional compounds with potential application in nutrition and therapy", Nutrients, 13, pp.1026~ (2021)
  6. Oikonomou G, "Milk microbiota : what are we exactly talking about?", Front Microbiol, 11, pp.60~ (2020)
  7. Dang AT, "Microbes, metabolites, and the gut-lung axis", Mucosal Immunol, 12, pp.843~850 (2019)
  8. Romano-Keeler J, "COVID-19 and the neonatal microbiome : will the pandemic cost infants their microbes?", Gut Microbes, 13, pp.1~7 (2021)
  9. Moossavi S, "Composition and variation of the human milk microbiota are influenced by maternal and early-life factors", Cell Host Microbe, 25, pp.324~335 (2019)[DOI]
  10. Walker WA, "Breast milk and microbiota in the premature gut : a method of preventing necrotizing enterocolitis", Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser, 94, pp.103~112 (2020)
  11. Groer MW, "A scoping review of research on the human milk microbiome", J Hum Lact, 36, pp.628~643 (2020)
  12. Togo A, "Repertoire of human breast and milk microbiota : a systematic review", Future Microbiol, 14, pp.623~641 (2019)
  13. Lyons KE, "Breast milk, a source of beneficial microbes and associated benefits for infant health", Nutrients, 12, pp.1039~ (2020)
  14. Moubareck CA, "Human milk microbiota and oligosaccharides : a glimpse into benefits, diversity, and correlations", Nutrients, 13, pp.1123~ (2021)
  15. Demmelmair H, "Maternal and perinatal factors associated with the human milk microbiome", Curr Dev Nutr, 4, pp.nzaa027~ (2020)
  16. Selma-Royo M, "Human milk microbiome : from actual knowledge to future perspective", Semin Perinatol, 45, pp.151450~ (2021)
  17. Kordy K, "Contributions to human breast milk microbiome and enteromammary transfer of Bifidobacterium breve", PLoS One, 15, pp.e0219633~ (2020)
  18. Rajoka MSR, "Identification, characterization, and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolated from human milk", Lebensm Wiss Technol, 84, pp.271~280 (2017)
  19. Arboleya S, "Characterization and in vitro properties of potentially probiotic Bifidobacterium strains isolated from breast-milk", Int J Food Microbiol, 149, pp.28~36 (2011)
  20. Solís G, "Establishment and development of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria microbiota in breast-milk and the infant gut", Anaerobe, 16, pp.307~310 (2010)
  21. Morniroli D, "The antiviral properties of human milk : a multitude of defence tools from mother nature", Nutrients, 13, pp.694~ (2021)
  22. Mohandas S, "Beyond the bacterial microbiome : virome of human milk and effects on the developing infant", Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser, 94, pp.86~93 (2020)
  23. Stinson LF, "The human milk microbiome : who, what, when, where, why, and how?", Nutr Rev, 79, pp.529~543 (2021)
  24. Boix-Amorós A, "Mycobiome profiles in breast milk from healthy women depend on mode of delivery, geographic location, and interaction with bacteria", Appl Environ Microbiol, 85, pp.e02994~18 (2019)
  25. Togo AH, "Culture of methanogenic archaea from human colostrum and milk", Sci Rep, 9, pp.18653~ (2019)
  26. Dinleyici M, "Human milk virome analysis : changing pattern regarding mode of delivery, birth weight, and lactational stage", Nutrients, 13, pp.1779~ (2021)
  27. Hermansson H, "Breast milk microbiota is shaped by mode of delivery and intrapartum antibiotic exposure", Front Nutr, 6, pp.4~ (2019)
  28. Notarbartolo V, "Human milk is not"merely nutritious" : how its bioactive role can influence child health", EMBJ, 16, pp.21~26 (2021)
  29. Zimmermann P, "Breast milk microbiota : a review of the factors that influence composition", J Infect, 81, pp.17~47 (2020)
  30. Macia L, "Host-and microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles, immune function, and disease development", Int J Mol Sci, 21, pp.107~ (2019)
  31. Xingyun Wang, "Identification and Peptidomic Profiling of Exosomes in Preterm Human Milk: Insights Into Necrotizing Enterocolitis Prevention", Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 63(13) (2019), Wiley[DOI]
  32. Galley JD, "The therapeutic potential of breast milk-derived extracellular vesicles", Nutrients, 12, pp.745~ (2020)
  33. Spatz DL, "Promoting and protecting human milk and breastfeeding in a COVID-19 world", Front Pediatr, 8, pp.633700~ (2021)
  34. WHO, "Breastfeeding and COVID-19 : scientific brief" (2020), WHO
  35. Bardanzellu F, "Breast milk and COVID-19 : from conventional data to"omics"technologies to investigate changes occurring in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18, pp.5668~ (2021)
  36. Zuo T, "Alterations in gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19 during time of hospitalization", Gastroenterology, 159, pp.944~955 (2020)[DOI]
  37. Yeoh YK, "Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19", Gut, 70, pp.698~706 (2021)
  38. Gulati M, "Delivery routes for faecal microbiota transplants : available, anticipated and aspired", Pharmacol Res, 159, pp.104954~ (2020)
  39. Zhao Y, "Omics study reveals abnormal alterations of breastmilk proteins and metabolites in puerperant women with COVID-19", Signal Transduct Target Ther, 5, pp.247~ (2020)
  40. Shen B, "Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of COVID-19 patient sera", Cell, 182, pp.59~72 (2020)[DOI]
  41. Dogra SK, "Gut microbiota resilience : definition, link to health and strategies for intervention", Front Microbiol, 11, pp.572921~ (2020)
  42. Nolan LS, "The role of human milk oligosaccharides and probiotics on the neonatal microbiome and risk of necrotizing enterocolitis : a narrative review", Nutrients, 12, pp.3052~ (2020)
  43. Gautier T, "Next-generation probiotics and their metabolites in COVID-19", Microorganisms, 9, pp.941~ (2021)
  44. Sharma A, "Associations between fungal and bacterial microbiota of airways and asthma endotypes", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 144, pp.1214~1227 (2019)[DOI]
  45. Yuan X, "The role of the gut microbiota on the metabolic status of obese children", Microb Cell Fact, 20, pp.53~ (2021)
  46. Davis JA, "The role of human milk in decreasing necrotizing enterocolitis through modulation of the infant gut microbiome : a scoping review", J Hum Lact, 36, pp.647~656 (2020)
  47. Granger CL, "Maternal breastmilk, infant gut microbiome and the impact on preterm infant health", Acta Paediatr, 110, pp.450~457 (2021)
  48. Asbury MR, "Mothers of preterm infants have individualized breast milk microbiota that changes temporally based on maternal characteristics", Cell Host Microbe, 28, pp.669~682 (2020)[DOI]
  49. Carr LE, "Role of human milk bioactives on infants’ gut and immune health", Front Immunol, 12, pp.604080~ (2021)
  50. Buffet-Bataillon S, "New insights into microbiota modulation-based nutritional interventions for neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants", Front Microbiol, 12, pp.676622~ (2021)
  51. Gopalakrishna KP, "Maternal IgA protects against the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants", Nat Med, 25, pp.1110~1115 (2019)
  52. Walker WA, "Summary on microbiota of milk and lactation : influence on gut colonization", Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser, 94, pp.113~114 (2020)
  53. Alsharairi NA, "The infant gut microbiota and risk of asthma : the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation", Microorganisms, 8, pp.1119~ (2020)
  54. Ferrante G, "Current insights on early life nutrition and prevention of allergy", Front Pediatr, 8, pp.448~ (2020)
  55. Barcik W, "The role of lung and gut microbiota in the pathology of asthma", Immunity, 52, pp.241~255 (2020)
  56. Espírito Santo C, "Gut microbiota, in the halfway between nutrition and lung function", Nutrients, 13, pp.1716~ (2021)
  57. Ballarini S, "Dysbiosis in pediatrics is associated with respiratory infections : is there a place for bacterial-derived products?", Microorganisms, 9, pp.448~ (2021)
  58. Toivonen L, "Early nasal microbiota and acute respiratory infections during the first years of life", Thorax, 74, pp.592~599 (2019)
  59. Stinson LF, "Establishment of the early-life microbiome : a DOHaD perspective", J Dev Orig Health Dis, 11, pp.201~210 (2020)
  60. Barnett DJM, "Intestinal archaea inversely associated with childhood asthma", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 143, pp.2305~2307 (2019)
  61. Haddad EN, "The infant gut microbiota at 12 months of age is associated with human milk exposure but not with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index or infant BMI-for-age z-scores", Curr Res Physiol, 4, pp.94~102 (2021)
  62. Petraroli M, "Gut microbiota and obesity in adults and children : the state of the art", Front Pediatr, 9, pp.657020~ (2021)
  63. Moszak M, "You are what you eat-the relationship between diet, microbiota, and metabolic disorders-a review", Nutrients, 12, pp.1096~ (2020)
  64. McBurney MI, "Establishing what constitutes a healthy human gut microbiome : state of the science, regulatory considerations, and future directions", J Nutr, 149, pp.1882~1895 (2019)
  65. Bai J, "Composition of gut microbiota and its association with body mass index and lifestyle factors in a cohort of 7-18 years old children from the American Gut Project", Pediatr Obes, 14, pp.e12480~ (2019)
  66. Yu H, "Breast milk alkylglycerols sustain beige adipocytes through adipose tissue macrophages", J Clin Invest, 129, pp.2485~2499 (2019)
  67. Kim KN, "Short chain fatty acids and fecal microbiota abundance in humans with obesity : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Nutrients, 11, pp.2512~ (2019)
  68. Fernández L, "The microbiota of the human mammary ecosystem", Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 10, pp.586667~ (2020)
  69. Beghetti I, "Human milk’s hidden gift : implications of the milk microbiome for preterm infants’ health", Nutrients, 11, pp.2944~ (2019)
  70. van den Akker CHP, "Probiotics and preterm infants : a position paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics", J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 70, pp.664~680 (2020)
  71. Oddi S, "Occurrence of bacteria with technological and probiotic potential in Argentinian human breast-milk", Benef Microbes, 11, pp.685~702 (2020)
  72. Oddi S, "Breast-milk derived potential probiotics as strategy for the management of childhood obesity", Food Res Int, 137, pp.109673~ (2020)

관련 논문AI추천

Next Generation Sequencing in Defining the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of Donated Human MilkAndreja Leboš Pavunc, Branka Golubić Ćepulić, Davor Ježek, Jurjana Novoselac, Nina Čuljak, Zrinka Bošnjak대한소아소화기영양학회 · Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition2025 · 제28권 제6호Bacterial Community of Breast Milk in Breastfeeding Women Using Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Approaches박미경, Heo Sojeong, Jeong Do-Won, Lee Sumin, Sung Moon-Hee한국미생물·생명공학회 · Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology2024 · 제34권 제10호Microbiome Profiling of Pretreated Human Breast Milk Using Shotgun Metagenomic SequencingGao Yajun, Qi Hong, Zeng Wen, Zhang Qiao, Zhang Yi, Zhu Jianjiang한국미생물·생명공학회 · Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology2025 · 제35권 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as a Missing Piece in Combating Nutritional Issues during Exclusive BreastfeedingAdi Hidayat, Badriul Hegar, Rina Agustina, Verawati Sudarma대한소아소화기영양학회 · Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition2021 · 제24권 제6호A Pilot Study Exploring Temporal Development of Gut Microbiome/Metabolome in Breastfed Neonates during the First Week of LifeChristopher A. Lowry, Deborah Schoch, Emily Schultz, Imad Awan, John D. Sterrett, Lamya’a M. Dawud, Lori Feldman-Winter, Lyanna R. Kessler, Sangita Phadtare대한소아소화기영양학회 · Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition2023 · 제26권 제2호Comparison of the gut microbiota profile in breast-fed and formula-fed Korean infants using pyrosequencing김낙윤, 김봉수, 김옥빈, 김유리, 이상아, 임지예, 조수진한국영양학회 · Nutrition Research and Practice2015 · 제9권 제3호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (9건)