프랜차이즈 시스템에서 관계적 지배구조가 가맹점 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study of the Effects of Relational Governance Structure on Franchisees’s Performance in a Franchise System
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초록
연구목적: 본 연구는 관계적 지배구조의 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 관계적 지배구조를 외생변수로 하고 가맹본부의 기회주의와 지식이전을 매개변수로 하여 가맹점의 행동과 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 설계 및 방법론: 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 국내 프랜차이즈 가맹점주들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 198개의 유효 데이터를 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 가설검증을 하였다. 분석 및 연구 결과: 관계적 지배구조(신뢰, 공동행위)와 매개변수(가맹본부의 기회주의, 가맹본부의 지식이전)경로 중 공동행위에서 가맹본부의 기회주의로의 경로만 제외하고 지지되었다. 또한, 매개변수(가맹본부의 기회주의, 가맹본부의 지식이전)와 종속변수(가맹점 경로이탈, 가맹점 성과)경로 중 가맹본부의 기회주의에서 가맹점 성과로의 경로만 제외하고 나머지 모두는 지지되었다. 향후 연구방향: 현실 비즈니스 세계에서는 다양한 형태의 관계적 지배 구조가 존재할 것이므로 이에 대한 실증 연구들이 필요하다. 즉 한국적 비즈니스 현황에 적합한 지배구조를 찾아내는 것은 의미 있는 연구가 될 것이다. 공헌점: 거래비용이론 관점에서 관계적 재배구조 중 하나인 공동행위는 기회주의에 유의미한 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 실증되어 지배구조로서의 한계점이 있다는 것을 밝혔고, 가맹본부와 가맹점간의 지식이전은 가맹점 후생에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것을 실증하였다. 또한 신뢰와 공동행위간의 인과적 관계를 실증하였다는 것이다.
Abstract
Purpose: This study was to test the effectiveness of relational governance structure. In this research model, this study focused on the effects of the exogenous variables on franchiser’s behavior(opportunism, knowledge transfer) and performance variables(exit, performance). Design/methodology/approach: In order to get to the purpose of this research, the authors gathered questionnaire data from domestic franchisees. The authors tested the hypotheses by using structural equation modeling with 198 effective data. Results/findings: In the paths between relational governance structure(trust, joint action) and mediating variables(franchiser’s opportunism, franchiser’s knowledge transfer), all of the hypotheses were supported excluding the path between joint action and opportunism. Further, in the relationships between the mediating variables(franchiser’s opportunism, franchiser’s knowledge transfer) and dependent variables(franchisee’s exit, franchisee’s performance), all paths were significantly supported excluding the path of franchiser’s opportunism to franchisee’s performance. Future work/research: In real business fields, there can be various types of relational governance structure: further empirical tests for these structures are needed. More specifically it can be a meaningful research when researchers try to find out the governance structure for Korean business environments. Contributions: In terms of the transaction cost theory, the construct of joint action was very limited because it did not significantly affect opportunism. Knowledge transfer from franchisers to franchisees was empirically tested. Originality/value: This study finds the effectiveness of knowledge transfer in the Korean franchise system.
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