中國 河南省 南陽 麒麟崗漢墓 硏究

Abstract

The Henan province is one of the five major regions where Han dynasty relief sculptures are concentrated. Especially, relief sculptures excavated from Nanyang region in Henan are good examples showing the early stage of the evolution of Han relief sculptures. Nanyang Han tombs have been destroyed and robbed since the end of the Eastern Han, and from the Three Kingdoms and Wei-Jin periods, people reused Nanyang Han relief sculptures when they built later tombs. Nanyang relief sculptures became to be known to the scholars since 1920s and 1930s as discoveries of scattered sculptures around Nanyang city wall area and excavations of tombs were carried out. After the liberation, more than 60 tombs decorated with relief sculptures have been discovered. The Museum of Hanyang Han Relief Sculptures are currently housed about 2,000 works, which makes it one of the largest Han dynasty sculpture museums in China. This paper examines the Qilingang Tomb, Nanyang, Henan in order to determine the characteristics of a tomb structure and major subject matters. Like other Nanyang relief sculpture tombs, scenes illustrating productive activities such as farming are rarely seen, and scenes depicting historical figures are not frequently seen either. On the other hand, subjects dealing with auspicious symbols and mythological animals and figures associated with heavenly world are major subjects decorating the walls and the ceilings. There is a certain rule in the placement of subject matters. A ceiling part contains cosmological and mythical subject matters, especially the complete representation of five elements in Daoism including the Taiyi. Secondly, the tomb contains the portrait of a tomb occupant which shows a highly developed style in Eastern Han in the tradition of figure paintings since Warring States period and foreshadow paintings by Gu Kaizhi in Eastern Jin. Through examining Qilingang tomb, one could understand the developing process of Heavenly paintings and figure paintings from pre-Han to Eastern Han period which influenced on the formation of Koguryo wall paintings.