从三个平面看≪齐民要术≫“形容词+动词”结构的特征

Abstract

Qi Min Yao Shu has a high reference value for Chinese grammar research. There are a lot of “A-V” structures which are composed of a monosyllable adjective and a monosyllable verb in this book. These structures have syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features adapted to the development of the times as one of the typical structure in Qi Min Yao Shu. Syntactically, there are no Two-syllable adjectives or verbs that can enter the AV structure, but two of the coordinate monosyllable adjectives or verbs can enter the AV structure at once, and this kind of structure has no essential difference to the AV structure. But AV structure as a whole can match with the number of structure freely, or add a new adjective or a new verb after it. And this kind of structure will change the internal combination form of the original AV structure fundamentally. Semantically, through comparative analysis between the AV structure and the Serial Verb Structure shown in Qi Min Yao Shu, we can find under the guidance of the Time Sequence principle, there have two semantic relations - “modifying and restricting – action” and “supplement and explanation – action” between adjective and verb of the AV structure. It shows that the AV structure is still not a mature structure in this period, because a stable structure can express only one meaning. Pragmatically, in the actual context, no matter which semantic relation the AV structure shows, there also is a “expression focus - structural focus” pragmatic structure between the adjective and the verb.